中国成人经膳食摄入铅的风险评估

李明璐; 秦周; 余勇; 李依玲; 刘佳琳; 王彝白纳; 黄娇; 魏晟

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.07.020

中国成人经膳食摄入铅的风险评估

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.07.020

1.
430030 武汉，华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系
2.
100021 北京，国家食品安全风险评估中心
3.
430071 武汉，武汉大学中南医院循证与转化医学中心

基金项目:

国家重点研究发展计划 2018YFC1603105

详细信息

通讯作者:
魏晟，E-mail: shengwei@hust.edu.cn

中图分类号: R155.5
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- 文章访问数: 593
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-14
- 修回日期: 2022-04-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-19
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-10

Risk assessment of lead via dietary intake in Chinese adults

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
2.
National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China
3.
Center for Evidence-based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China

Funds:

National Key Research Program of China 2018YFC1603105

More Information

Corresponding author: WEI Sheng, E-mail: shengwei@hust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的评估中国成人经膳食途径摄入铅的健康风险。方法从各类文献数据库中系统搜集2012―2021年中国各个省份的膳食铅含量数据，结合2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测数据，采用点评估及概率评估法计算中国成人居民经膳食摄入铅的暴露水平，并结合暴露限值(margin of exposure, MOE)和目标危害指数法(target hazard quotient, THQ)对潜在的健康风险进行评估。结果本研究共纳入了24篇文献，共收集了19个省的31 008份样本数据。铅浓度排名前3的食物为食用菌类(0.13 mg/kg)、蛋类(0.11 mg/kg)、鱼虾蟹贝类(0.08 mg/kg)；中国成人膳食铅的70%以上是来源于谷物及其制品(0.39 μg·kg^-1·d^-1)、蔬菜类(0.22 μg·kg^-1·d^-1)、畜禽肉类(0.08 μg·kg^-1·d^-1)；18~ < 60岁和≥60岁人群平均铅暴露量分别为1.07 μg·kg^-1·d^-1和1.02 μg·kg^-1·d^-1，各年龄性别组的平均膳食铅暴露均有MOE＞1，P₉₅均有MOE＜1，各年龄性别组的膳食铅的平均暴露量和P₉₅的THQ均＜1。结论中国成人膳食铅的暴露风险总体较低，但部分高暴露人群仍面临一定的健康风险，需要继续监测和控制膳食铅暴露的危害。
- 食物 /
- 铅 /
- 风险评估
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the health risk of lead via dietary intake among Chinese adults. Methods The data of dietary lead concentration from different provinces in China collected systematically from literature, combined with the nutrition and health monitoring data of Chinese adults in 2012, were used to evaluate the risk of dietary lead exposure of the adult population in China by point assessment and probability assessment. The margin of exposure (MOE) and target hazard quotient (THQ) were used to estimate dietary lead exposure's health risk. Results A total of 24 studies were included in this study, and 31 008 sample data were collected from 19 provinces. The top three food lead concentrations were edible mushroom (0.13 mg/kg), eggs (0.11 mg/kg), seafood and aquatic products (0.08 mg/kg). More than 70% of the dietary lead of adults in China came from cereal products (0.39 μg·kg^-1·d^-1), vegetables (0.22 μg·kg^-1·d^-1), meat (0.08 μg·kg^-1·d^-1). The mean of dietary lead exposure was respectively 1.07 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 and 1.02 μg·kg^-1·d^-1 for 18- < 60 years old and ≥60 years old. The MOE values of mean lead exposure for all age and sex groups were greater than 1, but the MOE values of P₉₅ were less than 1. The THQ values were less than 1 for all age and sex groups at the mean and P₉₅ levels. Conclusion The risk of dietary lead exposure for adults in China is relatively low, but some people with high exposure should be further monitored and controlled.
- Food /
- Lead /
- Risk assessment

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Figure 1. Flow diagram of article selection process

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表 1 文献中搜集的中国19个省份的11类食品中铅含量(mg/kg)

Table 1. Lead concentration in 11 kinds of food from 19 provinces of China collected in studies (mg/kg)

食物类别	样本数	含量均值(mg/kg)	参考文献	食物类别	样本数	含量均值(mg/kg)	参考文献
谷类及其制品				畜禽肉类
谷类	563	0.06	[12]	肉类	855	0.05	[17]
谷类	1 007	0.04	[13]	肉类	61	0.00	[18]
谷类	2 155	0.04	[14]	肉类	501	0.10	[19]
谷类	342	0.02	[15]	肉类	478	0.02	[14]
谷类	247	0.08	[16]	肉类	444	0.06	[13]
谷类	1 863	0.09	[17]	猪肉	41	0.07	[16]
谷类	49	0.06	[18]	内脏	182	0.14	[16]
谷类	1 193	0.06	[19]	内脏	140	0.02	[14]
谷类	80	0.02	[20]	鱼虾蟹贝类
大米	248	0.08	[21]	水产类	529	0.05	[13]
大米	1 406	0.05	[22]	水产类	60	0.03	[18]
大米	936	0.02	[23]	水产类	997	0.05	[14]
大米	292	0.05	[24]	水产类	480	0.09	[19]
糙米	28	0.02	[25]	水产品	561	0.18	[31]
精米	89	0.04	[26]	海产类	50	0.07	[32]
薯类				鱼类	109	0.12	[16]
薯类	70	0.02	[12]	鱼虾类	539	0.05	[17]
豆类				乳类
豆类	81	0.15	[27]	乳类	511	0.03	[17]
豆类	110	0.02	[14]	乳类	353	0.01	[14]
豆类	191	0.04	[19]	乳类	221	0.01	[19]
蔬菜类				乳类	399	0.01	[13]
蔬菜	227	0.08	[16]	蛋类
蔬菜	2 468	0.07	[17]	鸡蛋	37	0.08	[16]
蔬菜	1 175	0.04	[13]	蛋类	202	0.15	[17]
蔬菜	1 450	0.05	[28]	蛋类	120	0.02	[13]
蔬菜	111	0.06	[18]	蛋类	340	0.01	[14]
蔬菜	1 618	0.07	[19]	蛋类	189	0.28	[19]
蔬菜	681	0.03	[14]	坚果类
蔬菜	400	0.04	[29]	坚果类	370	0.08	[17]
蔬菜	397	0.02	[20]	坚果类	209	0.04	[13]
水果类				坚果类	50	0.01	[33]
水果	525	0.05	[17]	食用菌类
水果	364	0.03	[13]	食用菌	111	0.11	[16]
水果	43	0.02	[18]	食用菌	235	0.06	[13]
水果	335	0.02	[19]	食用菌	204	0.11	[34]
水果	223	0.02	[14]	菌类	223	0.33	[14]
水果	152	0.03	[30]	菇类	158	0.01	[35]

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表 2 中国成人经膳食摄入铅的暴露水平(μg·kg^-1·d^-1)

Table 2. Lead dietary exposure for Chinese adults (μg·kg^-1·d^-1)

食物类别	浓度(mg/kg)	消费量(g/d)		暴露量(μg·kg^-1·d^-1)		贡献率(%)
食物类别	浓度(mg/kg)	(x±s)	P₅₀	x	P₅₀	贡献率(%)
谷物及其制品	0.06	382.79±177.44	350.00	0.39	0.35	44.55
薯类	0.02	41.27±63.16	16.67	0.01	0.01	1.60
豆类	0.06	42.34±61.67	16.67	0.04	0.02	4.93
蔬菜类	0.05	256.07±157.13	228.34	0.22	0.19	24.83
食用菌类	0.13	6.31±19.06	0.00	0.01	0.00	1.59
水果类	0.03	55.14±119.67	0.00	0.03	0.00	3.21
坚果类	0.06	4.57±17.30	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.53
畜禽肉类	0.06	77.59±84.79	53.34	0.08	0.05	9.03
乳类	0.02	17.49±53.52	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.68
蛋类	0.11	24.10±30.65	16.67	0.04	0.03	5.14
鱼虾蟹贝类	0.08	25.19±53.60	0.00	0.03	0.00	3.91

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表 3 中国成人不同年龄段居民膳食中铅的概率评估暴露量

Table 3. Probabilistic assessment of lead dietary exposure in different age-sex groups of Chinese adults

变量	暴露量(μg·kg^-1·d^-1)
变量	最小值	x	P₅₀	P₉₅	最大值
18~ < 60岁
男	0.19	1.08	0.99	1.94	4.12
女	0.14	1.05	0.97	1.86	13.26
合计	0.14	1.07	0.99	1.92	4.14
≥60岁
男	0.18	1.04	0.95	1.91	6.4
女	0.13	1.02	0.93	1.84	18.24
合计	0.13	1.02	0.93	1.85	6.4
合计
男	0.19	1.06	0.97	1.91	4.65
女	0.13	1.05	0.96	1.88	18.24
合计	0.14	1.05	0.97	1.87	5.26

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表 4 中国成人各年龄性别组人群膳食铅暴露的MOE值和THQ值

Table 4. MOE values and THQ values of lead dietary exposure in different age-sex groups of Chinese adults

变量	MOE			THQ
变量	x	P₅₀	P₉₅	x	P₅₀	P₉₅
18~ < 60岁
男	1.11	1.21	0.62	0.31	0.28	0.55
女	1.14	1.24	0.65	0.30	0.28	0.53
合计	1.12	1.21	0.63	0.31	0.28	0.55
≥60岁
男	1.15	1.26	0.63	0.30	0.27	0.55
女	1.18	1.29	0.65	0.29	0.27	0.53
合计	1.18	1.29	0.65	0.29	0.27	0.53
合计
男	1.13	1.24	0.63	0.30	0.28	0.55
女	1.14	1.25	0.64	0.30	0.27	0.54
合计	1.14	1.24	0.64	0.30	0.28	0.53

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