Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis A in Xi'an from 2008 to 2014
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摘要: 目的 分析西安市2008-2014年甲肝流行特征,为制定针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用描述流行病学方法对2008-2014年西安市甲肝发病资料进行分析,采用集中度值方法分析甲肝发病的季节特征,应用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据分析。结果 2008-2014年西安市共报告甲肝病例572例,年均发病率为1.00/10万,2011年发病率最低(0.61/10万);2008-2014年发病率整体呈下降趋势(χ趋势2=48.13,P<0.001),2011-2014年间发病率呈上升趋势(χ趋势2=6.82,P=0.010)。各年份发病无明显季节性。中心城区(1.14/10万)及城乡结合区(1.19/10万)的年均发病率都明显高于郊县(0.76/10万),差异有统计学意义(均有P<0.001),且发病集中在东北方向。病例主要集中在20~69岁,占总病例数的71.68%;病例的发病高峰年龄有后移现象。男女性别比为1.60:1;病例以农民为主(30.24%),其次为离退人员(16.78%)、学生(10.50%)。西安市18月龄~6岁儿童甲肝疫苗调查接种率为89.84%。2009年报告甲肝暴发疫情1起。结论 西安市甲肝处于低流行状态,但近3年来发病呈上升趋势,建议应加强疾病监测、加大社区健康教育工作,并对高危人群进行疫苗接种。Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A in Xi'an from 2008 to 2014, and to provide scientific basis for targeted prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method of the incidence data of hepatitis A in Xi'an from 2008-2014 were analyzed. The muster distribution method was used to analyze the epidemic seasonal characteristics. SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. Results A total of 572 cases of hepatitis A was reported during 2008 to 2014. The annual average incidence was 1.00/100 000. The lowest incidence was 0.61/100 000 in 2011. The incidence from 2008 to 2014 showed a decreasing trend(χtrend2=48,13,P<0.001), but from 2011 to 2014 the incidence showed an increasing trend(χtrend2=6.82,P=0.010); There was no obvious seasonal peak during the period. The annual average incidences of the central urban area (1.14/100 000) and the fringe areas(1.19/100 000) were higher than those of rural areas (0.76/100 000). There were significant differences between them(all P<0.001). The cases gathered in the northeast of Xi'an city. The peak age range of the cases was 20 to 69 years old, which accounted for 71.68% of the total number of cases. The peak age of the cases showed the trend shift to older people. The sex ratio was 1.60 to 1. Farmers(30.24%), retirees(16.78%), students(10.50%)were the most popular occupations. The total vaccination rate from 18 months to 6 years old was 89.84%. Only one hepatitis A outbreak was reported in 2009. Conclusions Hepatitis A is low endemicity in Xi'an ctiy. But the incidence showed an increase trend in recent 3 years. The disease surveillance and community health education work should be strengthened. Additionally, the high risk groups could be vaccinated.
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Key words:
- Hepatitis A /
- Epidemiologic studies /
- Incidence
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