Abstract: Objective To explore risk factors of measles infection in children aged 8 months-14 years and adults older than 15 years in Jiangsu province to provide scientific basis for measles prevention and control measures. Methods A 1:3 matched case-control study was conducted. Newly reported laboratory confirmed cases from 8 months-14years and more than 15 years were analyzed, respectively. Results Totally 24 groups of months-14years children and 74 groups of older than 15 years adults were included in the analysis. For 8 months-14 years old children, visited hospital on 7-21 days before the rash, went to the densely populated sites, and went to the large hospital were risk factors, while mother had measles and measles vaccination history were protective factors of measles infection. For adults, visited hospital on 7-21 days before the rash, travel history on 7-21 days before the rash were risk factors, while measles vaccination history, local inhabitants were protective factors. Conditional logistic analysis showed that for 8 months-14 years old children, visited hospital on 7-21 days before the rash (OR=165.13, 95% CI: 2.32-3 980.88) was risk factor and measles vaccination history (OR=0.06, 95% CI: 0.01- 0.86) were protective factor. For more than 15 years old adults, visited hospital on 7-21 days before the rash (OR=12.71, 95% CI: 4.25-38.02) and travel history on 7-21 days before the rash (OR=6.74, 95% CI: 1.51-30.18), and measles vaccination history (OR=0.18, 95% CI: 0.06-0.49) was protective factor. Conclusions To achieve the purpose of the measles control and elimination, nosocomial infection should be strengthened and high measles vaccine coverage should be maintained for the 8 months-14 years old children, and feasible vaccination strategies should be explored for adults.