Abstract: Human papilloma virus infection can cause warts at infected site, cancer and other pathological changes. Most people can eliminate the virus in 4-20 months after exposure to HPV, however, the virus may continue existing in the body andlead to precancerous lesions and cancer in a small number of people. The discrepant outcomes of HPV infection depend on multiple factors, especially the interactions between host defense and virus, whereby an effective host immune response is particularly important.HPV escape from the host immune system is the key point of HPV persistence. In this review, we summarize relevant mechanisms of the evasion of the host immune system after HPV virus infection.