Abstract: Objective To explore the mental health status and related factors of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) individuals receiving antiviral therapy (ART) in Anhui Province, and to provide appropriate measures for improving their physical and mental health. Methods Quantitative questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients with positive CD4⁺T cell who have received treatment in 3 cities of Anhui Province to collect the general demographic characteristics and mental health status of patients from January 2013 to June 2014. Results 63 (21.1%) patients were equipped with anxiety syndrome and 126 (42.3%) with depression. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that holding religious belief was related to anxiety (OR=2.221,95% CI:1.094-4.509), good ART adherence, marital status was married or cohabitation, educational level was junior high school or college and above, area in Huaibei and knowing antiviral treatment was a lifelong process on medication were influencing factors of depression (all P<0.05). Conclusions Anxiety and depression were common syndrome among AIDS patients in 3 cities of Anhui Province and were related to multiple factors. It was important to increase ART adherence and the awareness of lifelong medication to reduce anxiety and depression incidence.