Abstract: Our country has obvious advantages in the prevention and control of endemic diseases, especially has been in the international advanced level in medical geology and pathogenesis researches on endemic diseases, main environment-related endemic diseases have been in continuous control and even elimination. However, related diseases were still likely to fluctuate in some special geological areas, and it need to be further studied about the degree of injury on atypical target organs and intervention measures. This study summarizes the researches status and prevention and control situation of biogeochemical endemic diseases in China, and puts forward key research contents and directions for the next stage.