摘要:
目的 描述2002-2015年浙江省舟山市母乳喂养情况，探索可能的影响因素。方法 提取2002-2015年舟山市妇幼保健院电子医疗记录，应用Logistic回归分析各因素对母乳喂养的影响。结果 以2011年为节点，舟山市产妇的母乳喂养率呈现先下降后上升的趋势。调整相关变量后，市区的产妇第1、3、9个月的母乳喂养率更高。较高学历的产妇第1、3个月母乳喂养率较高，但第9个月则相对较低。职业类型为脑力型的产妇第6、9、12个月母乳喂养率较高。巨大儿在第6、9个月母乳喂养率较高。剖宫产、早产、低体重儿、初产妇、产妇年龄大于30岁或小于25岁均为母乳喂养的危险因素。冬春季出生的婴儿其母乳喂养率在第1、3、6个月均较低。结论 来自市区、职业类型为脑力型的产妇、巨大儿为母乳喂养的保护因素。较高的学历在第1、3个月为母乳喂养的保护因素，但在第9个月为危险因素。剖宫产、早产、低体重出生儿、初产妇、产妇年龄大于30岁或小于25岁、冬春季出生的婴儿均为母乳喂养的危险因素。
Abstract:
Objective To describe the breastfeeding rate in Zhoushan from 2002 to 2015, and explore potential factors that might have influence on breastfeeding.Methods Data were extracted from the Electronic Medical Record System of Zhoushan Maternal and Child Care Hospital from 2002 to 2015. Logistic regression model was performed to analyze the associations between breastfeeding and various factors.Results Breastfeeding rate in the first, third or sixth month postpartum showed a declined trend prior to 2011, after that, showed a moderate increment on breastfeeding rate. After adjustment for follow-up year and corresponding variables, mothers from urban areas had higher breastfeeding rate in the first, third and ninth month postpartum than those from rural areas. Mothers with higher educational level had higher breastfeeding rate in the first and third month postpartum, but had lower rate in the ninth month than those with educational level under junior school. Mothers of mental workers had higher breastfeeding rate in the sixth, ninth and twelfth month than those did physical work. Macrosomia had higher breastfeeding rate in the sixth and ninth month than those with normal birth weight. Cesarean, preterm, low birth weight, primiparas, and puerperae under 25 or above 30 years old were risk factors for breastfeeding. Children born in winter or spring had lower breastfeeding rate in the first, third and sixth month compared with those born in summer or fall. Gender of fetus generally showed no influence on breastfeeding rate except in the third month, with female infants had a slightly higher breastfeeding rate.Conclusions Mothers from urban areas, mothers of mental workers, and macrosomia were protective factors of breastfeeding. Higher maternal educational level was a protective factor in the first and third month, but turned into a risk factor in the ninth month. Cesarean, preterm, low birth weight, primiparas, and puerperae who under 25 or above 30 years old, children born in winter or spring were risk factors for breastfeeding.
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