摘要:
目的 了解福建省钩端螺旋体（钩体）病主要宿主动物的密度、种类、感染率和感染菌群的分布情况，为钩体病防控提供科学依据。方法 2011-2016年根据疫情选取14个调查点，采用笼夜法捕获鼠类并采集血液或肾脏标本进行钩体培养，测定血清抗体，分析感染状况和感染菌群。结果 共捕获鼠1 312只，鼠密度为6.29%，闽东最高（9.98%），闽中最低（3.25%）。鼠种以黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、褐家鼠和针毛鼠为主，占87.57%，不同地区鼠种构成不同。分离10株钩体，血清抗体阳性率为26.42%，感染菌群以秋季群、爪哇群为主，占73.50%。不同地区鼠感染率不同，闽北最高（45.00%），闽中最低（15.56%）。黄胸鼠、青毛鼠和黄毛鼠感染率较高，依次为35.53%、31.58%、27.57%。结论 福建省鼠种构成复杂，黄毛鼠、黄胸鼠、褐家鼠和针毛鼠为优势鼠种，鼠类钩体感染水平较高，不同地区鼠种及感染率不同。
Abstract:
Objective To study the densit, species, infection rate and distribution of Leptosira of the host animals in Fujian Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of Leptospirosis. Methods From 2011 to 2016, fourteen areas were selected according to the epidemic of leptospirosis in Fujian. Rats were captured with squirrel-cage method and their sera and organs were collected for pathogen culture and detection of antibody. Results A total of 1 312 rats were captured, whose rat density rate was 6.29%. And the rat density rates of 14 areas ranged from 3.25% (middle part of Fujian) to 9.98% (eastern part of Fujian). The Rattus losea, R.flavipectus, R. norvegicus and Niviventer fulvescens accounted for 87.57% of total rats. The distribution of rat species varied from area to area. Ten strains of Leptospira were isolated from the rat samples. The rat serum antibody positive rate was 26.42%, among which the Autumnalis and Java were major Leptosira (73.50%). Rat infection rates varied from area to area, ranged from 15.56% (middle part of Fujian) to 45.00%(northern part of Fujian). The highest infection rate of Leptospira were detected in R. flavipectus (35.53%), R. bowersi(31.58%) and Rattus losea (27.57%) respectively. Conclusions The distribution of rat species in Fujian was complex, and the dominant species were Rattus losea, R. flavipectus, R. norvegicus and Niviventer fulvescens. The infection level of rats was high, and the distribution of rat species and infection rate varied from area to area.
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