Abstract: With social and economic development, the health level of Chinese residents has been improved, however, chronic diseases pose new challenges for preventive medical research and public health. One of the important factors for the rapid increase in the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases is the nutritional imbalance (overnutrition or malnutrition). Since the significant differences in nutrient requirements and intake among individuals, how to target different individuals and individuals in different states to identify the specific needs and proceed nutritional supplements precisely, and further prevent and interfere with the chronic diseases, are not only the important development direction of nutrition science and preventive medicine, but also an urgent need for the promotion of the residents health and social development.