Prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among 322 pregnant women in Jianyang City
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摘要:
目的 了解简阳市妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁现状, 并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法, 对简阳市妇幼保健院就诊的322名妊娠期妇女进行调查。采用焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)和抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)测定其焦虑和抑郁情况, 采用社会支持评定量表(social support rating scale, SSRS)测定其获得的社会支持情况, 采用Pearson相关分析法分析焦虑、抑郁与社会支持的关系, 采用χ2检验和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析焦虑和抑郁的影响因素。 结果 简阳市妊娠期妇女的焦虑率为5.3%, 抑郁率为5.6%, 焦虑、抑郁与社会支持均呈负相关关系(P < 0.05);未做产前检查(OR=4.554, 95% CI:1.063~19.510)是简阳市妊娠期妇女焦虑发生的危险因素; 孕晚期(OR=5.381, 95% CI:1.422~20.363)和社会支持度一般(OR=4.150, 95% CI:1.198~14.375)是简阳市妊娠期妇女抑郁发生的危险因素, 初中(OR=0.015, 95% CI:0.001~0.275)、高中或中专(OR=0.004, 95% CI:0.001~0.128)、大专及以上学历(OR=0.053, 95% CI:0.003~0.851)是抑郁发生的保护因素。 结论 妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁的发生不可忽视, 可结合以上影响因素, 开展针对性的心理健康干预。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 322 pregnant women in Jianyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jianyang City. The depression and anxiety of the participants were measured with self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale(SDS), and the degree of social support was measured with social support rating scale(SSRS). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between anxiety, depression and social support. The chi square(χ2) test and the non-conditional Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety and depression. Results Anxiety rate and depression rate of pregnant women in Jianyang city were 5.3% and 5.6% respectively. There was a negative correlation between anxiety, depression and social support(P < 0.05). Absence of prenatal examination(OR=4.554, 95% CI: 1.063-19.510) was a risk factor for anxiety among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Late pregnancy(OR=5.381, 95% CI: 1.422-20.363) and medium degree of social support(OR=4.150, 95% CI: 1.198-14.375) were risk factors for depression among pregnant women in Jianyang City. Junior high school(OR=0.015, 95% CI: 0.001-0.275), high school or technical secondary school(OR=0.004, 95% CI: 0.001-0.128), junior college or above(OR=0.053, 95% CI: 0.003-0.851) were protective factors for depression. Conclusions The prevelance of anxiety and depression in pregnant women cannot be ignored. It is important to carry out mental health intervention according to the above factors. -
Key words:
- Pregnancy /
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Social support /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 简阳市322名妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁影响因素单因素分析[n(%)]
Table 1. Univariate analysis of influential factors of depression and anxiety among 322 pregnant women in Jianyang City [n(%)]
因素 合计 焦虑 χ2值 P值 抑郁 χ2值 P值 年龄(岁) 0.032 0.859 0.014 0.906 <35 384(95.52) 16(5.23) 17(5.56) ≥35 18(4.48) 1(6.25) 1(6.25) 文化程度 3.413 0.332 10.346 0.016 小学 6(1.49) 0(0.00) 1(25.00) 初中 179(44.53) 11(7.59) 7(4.83) 高中或中专 115(28.61) 2(2.27) 1(1.14) 大专及以上 102(25.37) 4(4.71) 9(10.59) 居住地 1.061 0.588 1.062 0.588 城市 8(1.99) 1(12.50) 1(8.33) 城郊 192(47.76) 7(4.52) 11(6.63) 农村 202(50.25) 9(5.66) 6(4.17) 家庭人均月收入(元) 0.903 0.637 1.062 0.588 1 001~ 18(4.48) 0(0.00) 1(8.33) 3 001~ 214(53.23) 10(6.02) 11(6.63) >5 000 170(42.29) 7(4.86) 6(4.17) 经产妇 0.997 0.414a 1.062 0.294a 否 171(42.54) 3(3.30) 7(7.69) 是 231(57.46) 14(6.06) 11(4.76) 早孕反应 13.809 0.0031 3.811 0.003 无 39(9.70) 2(5.88) 3(8.82) 轻度 220(54.73) 3(1.67) 3(1.67) 中度 127(31.59) 10(1.11) 10(10.20) 重度 16(3.98) 2(20.00) 2(20.00) 孕期 2.949 0.2291 2.115 0.002 孕早期 231(57.46) 11(5.91) 12(6.45) 孕中期 136(33.83) 3(2.80) 1(0.93) 孕晚期 35(8.71) 3(10.34) 5(17.24) 产前检查 6.817 0.038a 1.787 0.201a 未做 17(4.23) 3(20.00) 2(13.33) 做过 385(95.77) 14(4.56) 16(5.21) 夫妻感情 2.813 0.245 6.993 0.030 很好 226(56.22) 6(26.09) 9(5.08) 较好 161(40.05) 10(7.63) 6(4.58) 一般 15(3.73) 1(7.14) 3(21.43) 社会支持度 3.230 0.720 3.980 0.046 一般 189(47.01) 12(7.55) 13(8.18) 高 213(52.99) 5(3.07) 5(3.07) 注:a表示使用Fisher确切概率法。 表 2 简阳市322名妊娠期妇女焦虑和抑郁影响因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果
Table 2. Analysis results of Logistic regression analysis model of influential factors of depression and anxiety among 322 pregnant women in Jianyang City
因变量因素 β值 SE Wald/
χ2值P值 OR值 95% CI值 焦虑 产前检查 做过a 未做 1.516 0.742 4.172 0.041 4.554 1.063~19.510 抑郁 文化程度 小学a 初中 -4.219 1.494 7.974 0.005 0.015 0.001~0.275 高中或中专 -5.487 1.753 9.801 0.002 0.004 0.001~0.128 大专及以上 -2.938 1.417 4.299 0.038 0.053 0.003~0.851 孕期 孕早期a 孕中期 -2.466 1.188 4.308 0.038 0.085 0.008~0.872 孕晚期 1.683 0.679 6.141 0.013 5.381 1.422~20.363 社会支持度 高a 一般 1.423 0.634 5.041 0.025 4.150 1.198~14.375 注:a表示参照组。 -
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