The correlation between health literacy and health lifestyle of military college students from the perspective of new media
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摘要:
目的 了解新媒体背景下军校学员接受新媒体信息及其健康素养和健康生活方式情况及之间的关系, 为军校学员开展健康教育提供依据。 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取某军校学员1 043名为调查对象, 使用调查问卷进行调查。 结果 军校学员健康素养得分为(46.74±10.76)分, 其中基本知识与理念、健康生活方式和行为、健康技能3个维度素养得分分别为(22.26±5.00)分、(13.38±3.56)分和(11.11±3.31)分; 对新媒体认知度、信任度、利用度得分分别为(14.22±4.00)分、(20.49±4.05)分和(30.59±7.28)分; 健康生活方式各方面得分分别为锻炼行为(19.33±3.84)分、生活行为(16.24±2.91)分、饮食行为(13.51±2.67)分、健康危险行为(16.42±3.70)分和健康责任行为(25.7±4.11)分。结构方程模型拟合优度较好[渐进残差均方和平方根(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=0.06);良适性适配指标(goodness of fit index, GFI)为0.95;赋范拟合指数(normed fit index, NFI)为0.93]。接受新媒体健康信息对健康生活方式的总效应系数为0.439, 其中直接作用为0.380, 间接作用为0.059;新媒体对健康素养的直接作用为0.164, 健康素养对健康生活方式的直接作用为0.360。 结论 新媒体对健康生活方式的作用效果高于健康素养, 但健康素养与健康生活方式相关程度最高。应加强新媒体对健康信息的传播, 提高学员健康素养, 形成健康的生活方式。 Abstract:Objective To understand the correlation between health literacy and health lifestyle of military college students from the perspective of new media, so as to provide scientific basis for a comprehensive health education to improve health literacy and healthy lifestyle. Methods One thousand and forty three military college students were selected by cluster random sampling to participate in a questionnaire survey. Results The overall health literacy score was(46.74±10.76). In terms of three aspects of health literacy, the score of basic health concept and knowledge was(22.26±5.00), the score of healthy lifestyle and behaviors was(13.38±3.56), and the score of health-related skill was(11.11±3.31). The scores of awareness, trust and utilization of new media were(14.22±4.00), (20.49±4.05) and(30.59±7.28), respectively. The scores of healthy lifestyle, including exercise behavior, life behavior eating behavior, health risk behavior and health responsibility behavior were(19.33±3.84), (16.24±2.91), (13.51±2.67), (16.42±3.70) and(25.7±4.11), respectively. Fitting degree of this structural equation model was good(root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=0.06;goodness of fit index, GFI=0.95; normed fit index, NFI=0.93).The total effect coefficient of receiving health information from new media on healthy lifestyle was 0.439, of which the direct effect was 0.380 and the indirect effect was 0.059. The direct effect of new media on health literacy was 0.164, while the direct effect of health literacy on healthy lifestyle was 0.360. Conclusions The effect of new media on healthy lifestyle is higher than that on health literacy, but health literacy has the highest correlation with healthy lifestyle.The dissemination of health information by new media should be strengthened to improve students' health literacy and lifestyle. -
Key words:
- Health literacy /
- New media /
- A healthy lifestyle /
- Structural equation model
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图 1 重庆某军校学员健康素养、接受新媒体信息及健康生活方式的结构关系模型
Figure 1. A structural relationship model of health literacy, new media informationand healthy lifestyle for a military cadetin Chongqing
表 1 调查对象本情况
Table 1. Basic information of residents
特征 新生[n(%)] 老生[n(%)] 合计 性别 男 337(74.07) 471(80.10) 808(74.77) 女 118(25.93) 117(19.90) 235(22.53) 民族 汉族 415(91.21) 548(93.20) 963(92.33) 其他 40(8.79) 40(6.80) 80(7.67) 地区 城市 296(65.05) 325(55.27) 621(59.54) 农村 159(34.95) 263(44.73) 422(40.46) 每周游戏时间(h) 0~ 145(31.87) 144(24.49) 289(27.71) 2~ 137(30.11) 179(30.44) 316(30.30) 5~ 102(22.42) 138(23.47) 240(23.01) ≥10 71(15.16) 127(21.60) 198(18.98) 年收入(万元) < 2 73(16.04) 116(19.73) 189(18.12) 2~ 119(26.15) 171(29.08) 290(27.80) 5~ 141(30.99) 181(30.78) 322(30.87) > 10 122(26.81) 120(20.41) 242(23.20) 父亲文化程度 小学 37(8.13) 56(9.52) 93(8.92) 初中 124(27.25) 167(28.40) 291(27.90) 高中 144(31.65) 208(35.37) 352(33.75) 大专及以上 150(32.97) 157(26.70) 307(29.43) 母亲文化程度 小学 75(16.48) 103(17.52) 178(17.07) 初中 123(27.03) 178(30.27) 301(28.86) 高中 135(29.67) 193(32.82) 328(31.45) 大专及以上 122(26.81) 114(19.39) 236(22.63) 父亲职业 公务员 48(10.55) 68(11.56) 116(11.02) 教师 39(8.57) 35(5.95) 74(7.09) 医务人员 22(4.84) 12(2.04) 34(3.26) 其他事业单位 45(9.89) 65(11.05) 110(10.55) 农民 76(16.07) 143(23.42) 219(21.00) 个人 85(18.68) 99(16.84) 184(17.64) 其他企业人员 56(12.31) 42(7.14) 98(9.40) 其他 84(18.46) 124(21.09) 208(19.94) 母亲职业 公务员 28(6.15) 21(3.57) 49(4.70) 教师 50(10.99) 58(9.86) 108(10.35) 医务人员 32(7.03) 24(4.08) 56(5.37) 其他事业单位 38(8.35) 52(8.84) 90(8.63) 农民 86(18.90) 165(28.06) 251(24.07) 个人 50(10.99) 63(10.71) 113(10.83) 其他企业人员 51(11.21) 34(5.78) 85(8.15) 其他 120(26.37) 171(29.08) 291(27.90) 近一年健康状况 199(43.74) 242(41.16) 441(42.28) 好 196(43.08) 243(41.33) 439(42.09) 较好 48(10.55) 80(13.61) 128(12.27) 一般 10(2.20) 15(2.55) 25(2.40) 较差 2(0.44) 8(1.36) 10(0.96) 
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表 2 重庆某军校学员健康素养、接受新媒体信息、健康生活方式得分情况
Table 2. Healthliteracy, new media information and healthy lifestyle scores of a military cadet in Chongqing
维度特征 合计 新生 老生 Z值 P值 健康素养三个维度 基本知识与理念 22.26±5.00 22.38±3.53 22.16±5.89 -3.682 < 0.001 健康生活方式与行为 13.38±3.56 13.46±2.97 13.31±3.96 -1.463 0.143 基本技能 11.11±3.31 11.53±2.78 10.78±3.63 -2.223 0.026 健康素养六个方面 科学健康观 8.45±2.24 8.52±1.77 8.40±2.54 -1.507 0.132 传染病防治 4.56±1.55 4.55±1.51 4.57±1.59 -0.24 0.811 慢性病防治 8.14±2.32 8.28±1.85 8.03±2.62 -0.283 0.777 安全与急救 11.32±3.13 11.60±2.48 11.10±3.55 -0.272 0.786 基本医疗 9.04±2.41 8.88±2.04 9.16±2.65 -3.521 < 0.001 健康信息 5.23±1.92 5.54±1.66 4.99±2.07 -3.863 < 0.001 新媒体 认知度 14.22±4.00 14.64±3.46 13.89±4.35 -2.297 0.022 信任度 20.49±4.05 21.14±3.68 19.98±4.25 -4.521 < 0.001 利用度 30.59±7.28 30.87±6.83 30.38±7.60 -1.194 0.232 健康生活方式 锻炼行为 19.33±3.84 19.02±3.76 19.56±3.88 -2.516 0.012 生活行为 16.24±2.91 16.83±2.45 15.78±3.14 -5.611 < 0.001 饮食行为 13.51±2.67 13.72±2.62 13.35±2.70 -2.12 0.034 健康危险行为 16.42±3.70 17.13±3.48 15.88±3.77 -6.501 < 0.001 健康责任行为 25.7±4.11 26.26±3.48 25.26±4.49 -2.88 0.004
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表 3 结构方程模型拟合指数及判断标准
Table 3. Structural equation model fitting index and judging criteria
适配指标 PGFI PNFI RMSEA GFI AGFI NFI RFI IFI TLI CFI 建议值 > 0.50 > 0.50 < 0.08 > 0.90 > 0.90 > 0.90 > 0.90 > 0.90 > 0.90 > 0.90 模型Ⅰ 0.60 0.72 0.06 0.97 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.97 0.96 0.97 模型Ⅱ 0.60 0.69 0.07 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.94 0.92 0.94
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表 4 健康生活方式影响因素效应分解
Table 4. Factor effect breakdown of healthy lifestyle
变量关系 直接效应 间接效应 总效应 H1:新媒体→健康素养 0.164 < 0.001 0.164 H2:健康素养→健康生活方式 0.360 < 0.001 0.360 H3:新媒体→健康生活方式 0.380 0.059 0.439
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