Analysis of anxiety and depression of residents outside Wuhan in Hubei Province during the outbreak of COVID-19 and its influencing factors
-
摘要:
目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, 简称“新冠肺炎”)疫情期间湖北非武汉地区居民焦虑和抑郁症状检出率及其影响因素, 为开展针对性心理干预提供参考。 方法 本研究采用方便抽样法, 于2020年3月14日―3月17日在网上发放自行编制的电子问卷, 内容包括一般个人信息、焦虑和抑郁症状等信息, 采用χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析湖北非武汉地区居民出现焦虑和抑郁症状的影响因素。 结果 在483名调查对象中, 男性122人(25.26%), 女性361人(74.74%), 平均年龄(45.00±10.00)岁, 担心会被感染者388人(80.33%), 疫情期间做过心理咨询74人(7.04%), 焦虑症状检出率13.66%(66/483), 抑郁症状检出率26.29%(127/483)。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示女性、担心会被感染和疫情期间做过心理咨询是焦虑症状出现的危险因素(均有P < 0.05);女性、担心会被感染、疫情期间做过心理咨询是抑郁症状出现的危险因素, 知道疫情期间国家有开通心理援助渠道是抑郁症状出现的保护因素(均有P < 0.05)。 结论 新冠肺炎疫情下湖北非武汉地区居民焦虑及抑郁症状检出率较高, 相关部门需采取措施针对性进行心理干预, 缓解该地区居民的焦虑及抑郁状况。 Abstract:Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and de-pression symptoms of residents outside Wuhan in Hubei province during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide reference for carrying out targeted psychological intervention. Methods In this study, the convenient sampling method was adopted to distribute self-developed electronic questionnaire on the Internet from March 14 to March 17, 2020, including general personal information, anxiety and depression symptoms. And the influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in residents outside Wuhan in Hubei province were analyzed by chi square(χ2) test and multivariate Logistic regression model. Results Among the 483 respondents, 122 were males(25.26%) and 361 were females(74.74%), with an average age of(45.00 ± 10.00) years old. 388(80.33%) of them were afraid of being infected, 74(7.04%) had received psychological counseling during the epidemic period. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 13.66%(66/483), and the prevalence of depression symptoms was 26.29%(127/483).Logistic regression analysis showed that women, fear of infection and prior counseling during epidemics were risk factors for anxiety(all P < 0.05). Women, fear of infection, and prior counseling during epidemics are risk factors for depressive, and knowing that the country has opened channels for psychological assistance during the epidemic is a protective factor for depression(allP < 0.05). Conclusion Under the COVID-19 epidemic situation, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms of residents outside Wuhan areas in Hubei province was relatively high. Relevant departments should take measures to carry out targeted psychological intervention to alleviate the anxiety and depression of residents in this area. -
表 1 居民基本情况
Table 1. Basic information of residents
类别 人数 构成比(%) 性别 男 122 25.26 女 361 74.74 年龄(岁) 18~ 35 7.25 25~ 151 31.26 35~ 128 26.50 45~ 146 30.23 ≥55 23 4.76 婚姻状态 已婚 400 82.82 未婚 70 14.49 离异或丧偶 13 2.69 文化程度 初中及以下 5 1.04 高中 19 3.93 大专及本科 446 92.34 硕士及以上 13 2.69 职业 个体经营户 9 1.86 公职人员 397 81.57 退休人员 11 2.28 工人 42 8.70 其他 24 4.97 关注疫情时间(h) < 1 108 22.36 > 1 375 77.64 居住小区是否有病例 是 215 44.51 否 268 55.49 家人或朋友是否为病例 是 40 8.28 否 443 91.72 是否担心会被感染 是 388 80.33 否 95 19.67 所属类别 确诊病例 2 0.41 密切接触者 14 2.48 疑似病例 7 1.45 普通群众 127 26.29 一线工作者 333 68.94 是否知道心理援助渠道 是 412 85.30 否 71 14.47 是否进行过心理问题咨询 是 34 7.04 否 449 92.96 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 居民焦虑和抑郁症状检出情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Anxiety and depression symptoms of residents[n(%)]
类别 焦虑症状 抑郁症状 无 有 χ2值 P值 无 有 χ2值 P值 性别 6.989 0.009 9.679 0.002 男 114(93.44) 8(6.56) 103(84.43) 19(15.57) 女 303(83.93) 58(16.67) 253(70.08) 108(29.92) 年龄(岁) 1.922 0.809 11.014 0.030 18~ 31(88.57) 4(11.43) 27(77.14) 8(22.86) 25~ 127(84.11) 24(15.89) 98(64.90) 53(35.10) 35~ 109(85.16) 19(14.84) 94(73.44) 34(26.56) 45~ 129(88.36) 17(11.64) 118(80.00) 28(20.00) ≥55 21(91.30) 2(8.70) 19(82.61) 4(17.39) 婚姻状态 1.978 0.289 1.312 0.572 已婚 349(87.25) 51(12.75) 296(74.00) 104(26.00) 未婚 58(82.86) 12(17.14) 49(70.00) 21(30.00) 离异或丧偶 10(76.92) 3(23.77) 11(84.62) 2(15.38) 文化程度 5.069 0.141 1.587 0.698 初中及以下 3(60.00) 2(40.00) 3(60.00) 2(40.00) 高中 16(84.21) 3(15.79) 15(78.95) 4(21.05) 大专及本科 385(86.32) 61(13.68) 327(74.32) 119(27.05) 硕士及以上 13(100.00) 0(0.00) 11(84.62) 2(15.38) 职业 4.385 0.349 2.614 0.645 个体经营户 8(88.89) 1(11.11) 6(66.67) 3(33.33) 公职人员 342(86.15) 55(13.85) 290(73.05) 107(26.95) 退休人员 10(90.91) 1(9.09) 10(90.91) 1(9.09) 工人 39(92.86) 3(7.14) 33(78.57) 9(24.43) 其他 18(75.00) 6(25.00) 17(70.83) 7(29.17) 关注疫情时长(h) 3.351 0.079 1.793 0.215 < 1 99(91.67) 9(8.33) 85(78.70) 23(21.30) > 1 318(84.80) 57(15.20) 271(72.27) 104(27.73) 居住小区是否有病例 1.517 0.232 0.010 1.000 是 181(84.19) 34(15.81) 158(73.49) 57(26.51) 否 236(88.06) 32(11.94) 198(73.88) 70(26.12) 家人/朋友是否有病例 0.544 0.470 0.033 0.853 是 33(82.50) 7(17.50) 29(72.50) 11(27.50) 否 384(86.68) 59(13.32) 327(95.34) 16(4.67) 是否担心自己会被感染 7.076 0.007 8.150 0.004 是 327(82.28) 61(15.72) 275(70.88) 113(29.12) 否 90(94.74) 5(5.26) 81(85.26) 14(14.74) 所属类别 2.131 0.667 6.733 0.083 确诊病例 2(100.00) 0(0.00) 1(50.00) 1(50.00) 密切接触者 12(85.71) 2(14.29) 9(64.29) 5(35.71) 疑似病例 6(85.71) 1(14.29) 5(71.43) 2(28.58) 普通群众 114(89.76) 13(10.24) 104(81.89) 23(18.11) 一线工作者 283(84.98) 50(15.02) 237(71.17) 96(28.83) 是否知道有心理援助渠道 1.523 0.259 5.914 0.019 是 359(87.14) 53(12.86) 312(75.73) 100(24.27) 否 58(81.69) 13(18.31) 44(61.97) 27(38.03) 是否进行过心理咨询 5.084 0.035 4.180 0.067 是 25(73.53) 9(26.47) 20(58.82) 14(41.18) 否 392(87.31) 57(12.69) 336(74.83) 113(25.17)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 焦虑症状多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 3. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of anxiety symptoms
项目 β值 Sx Wald χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 性别 女 0.938 0.419 5.016 2.554(1.124~5.801) 0.025 男 1.000 年龄(岁) 18~ 1.000 25~ 0.341 0.585 0.339 1.406(0.447~4.429) 0.560 35~ 0.411 0.600 0.469 1.508(0.465~4.883) 0.494 45~ 0.229 0.609 0.141 1.257(0.381~4.145) 0.707 ≥55 0.204 0.962 0.045 1.227(0.186~8.085) 0.832 担心会被感染 是 1.115 0.486 5.252 3.049(1.175~7.911) 0.022 否 1.000 做过心理咨询 是 1.107 0.436 6.427 3.026(1.286~7.121) 0.011 否 1.000 知道有心理援助渠道 是 -0.415 0.356 1.356 0.661(0.329~1.327) 0.244 否 1.000
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 抑郁症状多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 4. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of depressive symptoms
项目 β值 Sx Wald χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 性别 女 0.621 0.298 4.345 1.860(1.038~3.334) 0.037 男 1.000 年龄(岁) 18~ 1.000 25~ 0.595 0.447 1.770 1.813(0.755~4.353) 0.183 35~ 0.301 0.463 0.422 1.351(0.545~3.349) 0.516 45~ -0.049 0.472 0.011 0.953(0.378~2.403) 0.918 ≥55 0.097 0.723 0.018 1.102(0.267~4.547) 0.893 担心会被感染 是 0.803 0.318 6.375 2.232(1.197~4.163) 0.012 否 1.000 做过心理咨询 是 0.954 0.385 6.135 2.596(1.220~5.521) 0.013 否 1.000 知道有心理援助渠道 是 -0.608 0.284 4.578 0.544(0.312~0.950) 0.032 否 1.000
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)[J].中国感染控制杂志, 2020, 19(2): 192-195.DOI: 10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20206154.Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia(Trial sixth edition)[J]. Chin J Infect Control Vol, 2020, 19(2): 192-195. DOI:10.12138/j.issn.1671-9638.20206154. [2] 王一, 高俊岭, 陈浩, 等.新冠肺炎疫情期间公众媒体暴露及其与心理健康的关系[J].复旦学报(医学版), 2020, 47(2): 173-178.DOI: 10. 3969/j. issn. 1672-8467. 2020. 02. 005.Wang Y, Gao JL, Chen H, et al. The relationship between media exposure and mental health problems during COVID-19 outbreak[J]. Fudan Univ J Med Sci, 2020, 47(2): 173-178. DOI: 10. 3969/j. issn. 1672-8467. 2020. 02. 005. [3] 匡征凌, 郭凯文, 刘蔚珂, 等.武汉某高校大学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫知识认知及心理状态的调查[J].热带医学杂志, 2020, 20(3): 283-285. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=rdyxzz202003002Kuang ZL, Guo KW, Liu WK, et al. Investigation of knowledge cognition status and mentality status of college students in wuhan on epidemic prevention of COVID-19[J]. J Trop Med, 2020, 20(3): 283-285. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=rdyxzz202003002 [4] 何宇红, 汪瑶, 王进松, 等.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对武汉一线医护人员睡眠质量的影响[J/OL].武汉大学学报(医学版): 1-4. [2020-03-19]. http:11kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1677.R20200318.2130.001.html.He YH, Wang Y, Wang JS, et al. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on sleep quality of medical staff in Wuhan[J/OL]. Medical Journal of Wuhan University: 1-4. [2020-03-19]. http:11kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1677.R20200318.2130.001.html. [5] 王征宇, 迟玉芬.焦虑自评量表(SAS)[J].上海精神医学, 1984, (2): 73-74. http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfd1984-jsyi198402008.htmWang ZY, Chi YF. Self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)[J]. General Psychiatry, 1984, (2): 73-74. http://www.cnki.com.cn/article/cjfd1984-jsyi198402008.htm [6] 王春芳, 蔡则环, 徐清.抑郁自评量表—SDS对1, 340例正常人评定分析[J].中国神经精神疾病杂志, 1986(5): 267-268. http://search.cnki.net/down/default.aspx?filename=ZSJJ198605005&dbcode=CJFD&year=1986&dflag=pdfdownWang CF, Cai ZH, Xu Q. Depression self-assessment scale-SDS evaluation analysis of 1340 normal people[J]. Chin J Nerv and Ment Dis, 1986(5): 267-268. http://search.cnki.net/down/default.aspx?filename=ZSJJ198605005&dbcode=CJFD&year=1986&dflag=pdfdown [7] 肖聪, 王蕾, 刘建蓉, 等.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下非一线医务人员的焦虑抑郁情绪[J].四川精神卫生, 2020, 33(1): 15-18.DOI: 10. 11886/scjsws20200214002.Xiao C, Wang L, Liu JR, et al. Anxiety and depression status among non-first-line medical staff during the outbreak of COVID-19[J]. Sichuan Mental Health. 2020, 33(1): 15-18. DOI: 10. 11886/scjsws20200214002. [8] 程刚, 肖友琴.社交焦虑障碍的性别差异及其生物学解释[J].中国健康心理学杂志, 2015, 23(2): 307-312.DOI: 10. 13342/j. cnki. cjhp. 2015. 02. 040.Cheng G, Xiao YQ. Sex differences and biological reasons in social anxiety disorder[J]. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2015, 23(2): 307-312. DOI: 10. 13342/j. cnki. cjhp. 2015. 02. 040. [9] 段力萨, 郭宇明, 孙江男, 等.新冠肺炎疫情下某部队三甲医院官兵员工心理健康状况调查分析[J].武警医学, 2020, 31(3): 191-194.DOI: 10. 14010/j. cnki. wjyx. 20200312. 003.Duan LS, Guo YM, Sun JN, et al. Investigation and analysis of mental health status of officers and soldiers in a first-class hospital of the army under the COVID-19[J]. Med J Chin PAP, 2020, 31(3): 191-194. DOI: 10. 14010/j. cnki. wjyx. 20200312. 003. [10] 罗琳, 曾晓进, 廖欣, 等.新冠肺炎疫情期公众疾病认知、应对方式及锻炼行为调查[J].中国公共卫生, 36(2): 156-159.DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1128079.Luo L, Zeng XJ, Liao X, et al. Disease cognition, coping style and exercise behavior among the public during novel coronavirus epidemic: an online survey[J]. Chin J Public Health, 36(2): 156-159. DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1128079. [11] Clara E. Hill. Qualitative research in counseling and psychotherapy[J]. Psychother Res, 2011, 21(6): 736-738.DOI: 10. 1080/10503307. 2011. 620642. [12] 张日昇, 徐洁, 张雯.心理咨询与治疗研究中的质性研究[J].心理科学, 2008, 31(3): 681-684.DOI: 10. 16719/j. cnki. 1671-6981. 2008. 03. 030.Zhang RS, Xu J, Zhang W. About The qualitative research on counseling and psychotherapy studies[J]. Psychological Science, 2008, 31(3): 681-684. DOI: 10. 16719/j. cnki. 1671-6981. 2008. 03. 030. -
