社区环境对2型糖尿病患者休闲锻炼行为的影响

高敏; 陈雪莹; 孙信; 樊理诗; 王冯彬; 沈莹; 王陶陶; 赵立华; 甘静雯; 岳荣芳; 孙昕霙

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.06.009

社区环境对2型糖尿病患者休闲锻炼行为的影响

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.06.009

1.
北京 100191, 北京大学公共卫生学院社会医学与健康教育系
北京 101300, 北京市顺义区城区社区卫生服务中心
101101 北京, 北京市通州区梨园社区卫生服务中心

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(71673009)

详细信息

通讯作者:
孙昕霙, E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R-055
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-25
- 修回日期: 2020-03-01
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-10

The influence of community environment on leisure physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes

1.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Community Health Service Center, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
Liyuan Community Health Service Center, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101101, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China(71673009)

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Xin-ying, E-mail:xysun@bjmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的本研究旨在探究社区环境对于2型糖尿病患者休闲锻炼行为的影响方式。方法研究基于计划行为理论, 自行设计2型糖尿病患者调查问卷, 各量表的信效度均良好。通过建立结构方程模型, 研究分析社区环境对于糖尿病患者休闲锻炼行为的直接和间接影响。结果本研究对807名2型糖尿病患者的社区环境与休闲锻炼行为进行分析, 发现男性糖尿病患者的休闲锻炼活动量显著高于女性(Hc=4.924, P=0.027)。结构方程结果显示, 运动行为意向对于运动量存在影响(β=0.155, P < 0.001)。同时, 社区环境会通过影响运动态度(β=0.008, P=0.017, 占总效应比重为5.16%)和感知行为控制(β=0.050, P=0.001, 占总效应比重为32.26%)间接影响运动行为意向, 进而最终影响到休闲锻炼行为。结论糖尿病患者的休闲锻炼行为活动量有待提高, 社区相关部门应营造良好的运动氛围。同时患者自身应增加对社区运动设施的了解和使用频率, 这对于提高运动量有积极作用。
- 社区环境 /
- 计划行为理论 /
- 2型糖尿病 /
- 结构方程模型
Abstract: Objective To explore the influence of community environment on leisure physical activity among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A self-designed questionnaire based on the the ory of planned behavior for type 2 diabetes was developed. The reliability and validity of exercise situation scale were good. Structural equation model was used to estimate the effects of community environment on leisure physical activities. Results 807 patients with type 2 diabetes were included. Men had significantly higher level of physical activity than women(Hc=4.924, P=0.027). Structural equation model showed that physical activity intention had a significant impact on the amount of physical activity(β=0.155, P < 0.001). Besides, community had influence on physical activity attitude(β=0.008, P=0.017, accounting for 5.16% of the total effect) and perceived behavior control(β=0.050, P=0.001, accounting for 32.26% of the total effect). Finally, community environment had indirect influence on physical activity behavior through physical activity intention. Results Overall, many people don't have sufficient physical activity. Authorities should create a good exercising atmosphere in the community level. Patients are encouraged to use more community sports facilities, which will increase exercise.
- Community environment /
- The planned behavior theory /
- Type 2 diabetes /
- Structural equation model

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图 1 社区环境对休闲活动量影响的结构方程

注:^a表示P < 0.05;^b表示P < 0.01;图中的路径系数为标准化系数; 结构方程模型将性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、收入水平、使用药物和胰岛素变量作为控制变量, 限于篇幅, 图中并未报告控制变量的相关结果。

Figure 1. Structural equation modelling predicting leisure physical activity

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表 1 调查对象人口学特征及休闲活动量比较

Table 1. Characteristics and leisure physical activity among participants

特征	人数	构成比 (%)	休闲活动量(千步当量)/[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]	Hc值^a	P值
性别				4.924	0.027
女	424	52.5	0.0(0.0, 0.0)
男	383	47.5	0.0(0.0, 24.0)
年龄(岁)				2.650	0.618
≤50	105	13.0	0.0(0.0, 28.0)
51~	126	15.6	0.0(0.0, 8.0)
56~	167	20.7	0.0(0.0, 8.0)
61~	217	26.9	0.0(0.0, 0.0)
≥66	192	23.8	0.0(0.0, 12.0)
文化程度				7.528	0.057
小学及以下	88	10.9	0.0(0.0, 0.0)
初中	360	44.6	0.0(0.0, 4.7)
高中/中专/技校	214	26.5	0.0(0.0, 8.0)
大专/大学及以上	145	18.0	0.0(0.0, 32.0)
婚姻状况				0.355	0.551
无配偶	49	6.1	0.0(0.0, 0.0)
有配偶	758	93.9	0.0(0.0, 10.7)
家庭人均收入(元)				2.282	0.684
<3 000	239	29.6	0.0(0.0, 0.0)
3 000~	243	30.1	0.0(0.0, 9.3)
4 000~	105	13.0	0.0(0.0, 18.7)
5 000~	169	20.9	0.0(0.0, 16.0)
≥10 000	51	6.3	0.0(0.0, 32.0)
降糖药或胰岛素使用情况				1.096	0.295
不使用	78	9.7	0.0(0.0, 40.0)
使用	729	90.3	0.0(0.0, 8.0)
合计	807	100.0	0.0(0.0, 8.0)
注：^a每周千步当量的分组比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。

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表 2 各群体计划行为理论各维度得分[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 2. Scores of the planned behavior theory in different subgroups [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

	社区环境	运动态度	主观规范	感知行为控制	行为意向
性别
女	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 18)	16(12, 20)	45(33, 49)
男	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(15, 20)	17(13, 20)	46(34, 49)
Hc值^a	0.134	0.002	11.564	0.697	0.033
P值	0.714	0.967	< 0.001	0.404	0.857
年龄(岁)
≤50	6(4, 8)	23(21, 25)	15(15, 19)	16(13, 20)	44(34, 49)
51~	6(3, 8)	22(19, 25)	15(13, 18)	16(12, 20)	41(28, 49)
56~	6(3, 8)	24(20, 25)	15(14, 18)	16(12, 20)	48(32, 49)
61~	6(4, 9)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 20)	18(14, 21)	48(36, 49)
≥66	7(4, 9)	22(20, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(11, 20)	46(34, 49)
Hc值^a	7.678	7.582	4.664	4.312	8.627
P值	0.104	0.108	0.324	0.365	0.071
文化程度
小学及以下	5(2, 8)	22(20, 25)	15(12, 21)	15(10, 20)	42(25, 49)
初中	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 19)	16(12, 20)	46(35, 49)
高中/中专/技校	6(4, 9)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 18)	17(14, 20)	46(35, 49)
大专/大学及以上	6(5, 9)	23(20, 25)	15(15, 19)	17(13, 20)	47(34, 49)
Hc值^a	7.842	3.025	5.808	4.854	3.567
P值	0.049	0.388	0.121	0.183	0.312
婚姻状况
无配偶	5(3, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 18)	18(10, 20)	47(31, 49)
有配偶	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(12, 20)	46(34, 49)
Hc值^a	0.710	0.042	0.461	0.011	0.202
P值	0.400	0.837	0.497	0.916	0.653
家庭人均月收入(元)
< 3 000	6(3, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 20)	16(12, 20)	45(34, 49)
3 000~	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(11, 20)	46(33, 49)
4 000~	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(13, 18)	16(12, 20)	45(31, 49)
5 000~	6(4, 9)	23(20, 25)	15(15, 19)	18(14, 21)	46(35, 49)
≥10 000	8(6, 9)	23(20, 25)	15(14, 18)	18(13, 21)	48(34, 49)
Hc值^a	16.568	2.635	5.116	4.340	1.120
P值	0.002	0.621	0.276	0.362	0.891
降糖药或胰岛素使用情况
不使用	6(3, 9)	24(21, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(13, 21)	49(36, 49)
使用	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(12, 20)	45(33, 49)
Hc值^a	0.079	6.015	0.285	0.031	3.654
P值	0.779	0.014	0.593	0.861	0.056
合计	6(4, 8)	23(20, 25)	15(14, 19)	16(12, 20)	46(34, 49)
注:^a表示Kruskal-Wallis检验结果。

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表 3 计划行为各维度得分相关系数矩阵

Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient of the theory of planned behavior

维度	休闲活动量	社区环境	运动态度	主观规范	感知行为控制	行为意向
休闲活动量	1.00
社区环境	0.12^a	1.00
运动态度	0.08^b	0.15^a	1.00
主观规范	0.03	0.12^a	0.16^a	1.00
感知行为控制	0.10^c	0.23^a	0.25^a	0.18^a	1.00
行为意向	0.21^a	0.30^a	0.30^a	0.27^a	0.59^a	1.00
注:^a表示P < 0.001;^b表示P < 0.05;^c表示P < 0.01。

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