The current situation of college students' take-out food consumption and its correlation with overweight and obesity in Changsha City
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摘要:
目的 了解长沙市大学生外卖消费现状，分析外卖食品消费与超重肥胖的关系。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法，抽取长沙市1 326名大学生进行电子问卷调查。 结果 收回有效问卷1 274份，91.8%长沙市大学生有外卖消费经历，工作日外卖消费≥ 7次占4.2%，周末外卖消费≥ 2次占35.5%。性别为男、城镇户口、生活费和伙食费高、熏烤食物和含糖饮品摄入频繁的大学生外卖消费频次高，此外，油炸食物摄入频繁的大学生工作日外卖消费频次高。中式快餐盒饭、粉/面、馄饨/饺子、炸鸡/汉堡类外卖消费较为普遍。大学生超重肥胖率为12.8%，多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，性别为女、农村户口是大学生超重肥胖的保护因素，工作日外卖消费≥ 7次是大学生超重肥胖的危险因素。 结论 长沙市大学生外卖订餐较为普遍，外卖消费与性别、户口、经济因素、油炸食物、熏烤食物和含糖饮品摄入有关。大学生超重肥胖状况有待改善，超重肥胖率与性别、户口及工作日外卖消费频次有关。 Abstract:Objective To understand the current situation of college students' take-out food consumption in Changsha and analyze the relationship between take-out food consumption and overweight and obesity. Methods With multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 1 326 college students were selected and an electronic questionnaire survey was conducted. Results A total of 1 274 valid questionnaires were collected. 91.8% of college students had experience in take-out food consumption, take-out food consumption ≥ 7 times on weekdays accounted for 4.2%, take-out food consumption ≥ 2 times on weekends accounted for 35.5%. The frequencies of take-out food consumption of college students with male, urban household registration, high cost of living and food, frequent intake of smoked and baked food and sugar drinks were high. In addition, college students with frequent intake of fried foods had a high frequency of takeaways on weekdays. The most popular take out types of college students were Chinese fast food, fried rice noodles/noodles, wonton/dumpling, fried chicken/hamburger. The overall prevalence rate of overweight and obesity among college students was 12.8%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female and rural household registration were protective factors, and take-out food consumption ≥ 7 times on weekdays was a risk factor for overweight and obesity among college students. Conclusion It is common for college students in Changsha to order meals on the Internet. Take-out food consumption is related to gender, household registration, economic factors, fried foods, smoked foods and sugary drinks. The rate of overweight and obesity is related to gender, residence location and the frequency of take-out orders on weekdays. The overweight and obesity status in college students need to be improved. -
Key words:
- College students /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Take-out food
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表 1 不同特征长沙市大学生外卖订购情况比较[n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of takeaway ordering situation of Changsha university students with different characteristics [n(%)]
变量 工作日外卖消费频次 χ2值 P值 周末外卖消费频次 χ2值 P值 < 4 4~ ≥7 < 2 ≥2 性别 23.714 < 0.001 10.983 < 0.001 男 391(37.5) 96(53.6) 31(58.5) 306(37.3) 212(46.8) 女 651(62.5) 83(46.4) 22(41.5) 515(62.7) 241(53.2) 专业 0.745 0.689 2.253 0.133 医学相关 402(38.6) 63(35.2) 20(37.7) 325(39.6) 160(35.3) 其他 640(61.4) 116(64.8) 33(62.3) 496(60.4) 293(64.7) 户口所在地 6.770 0.034 7.236 0.007 城镇 475(45.6) 96(53.6) 31(58.5) 365(44.5) 237(52.3) 农村 567(54.4) 83(46.4) 22(41.5) 456(55.5) 216(47.7) 父母文化程度 2.017 0.733 6.517 0.038 初中及以下 414(39.7) 67(37.4) 17(32.1) 340(68.3) 158(31.7) 中专/高中 367(35.2) 62(34.6) 22(41.5) 287(63.6) 164(36.4) 大专/大学及以上 261(25.0) 50(27.9) 14(26.4) 194(59.7) 131(40.3) 生活费(元/月) 23.977 < 0.001 37.247 < 0.001 ≤1 400 569(54.6) 75(41.9) 14(26.4) 474(72.0) 184(28.0) >1 400 473(45.4) 104(58.1) 39(73.6) 347(56.3) 269(43.9) 伙食费(元/月) 34.089 < 0.001 27.474 < 0.001 ≤1 000 871(83.6) 129(72.1) 30(56.6) 699(85.1) 331(73.1) >1 000 171(16.4) 50(27.9) 23(43.4) 122(14.9) 122(26.9) 油炸食物(次/周) 19.878 0.001 4.501 0.105 ≤1 683(65.5) 102(57.0) 26(49.1) 536(65.3) 275(60.7) 2~ 286(27.4) 64(35.8) 16(30.2) 231(28.1) 135(29.8) ≥4 73(7.0) 13(7.3) 11(20.8) 54(6.6) 43(9.5) 熏烤食物(次/周) 28.186 < 0.001 6.620 0.037 ≤1 866(83.1) 134(74.9) 35(66.0) 683(83.2) 352(77.7) 2~ 139(13.3) 34(19.0) 9(17.0) 108(13.2) 74(16.3) ≥4 37(3.6) 11(6.1) 9(17.0) 30(3.7) 27(6.0) 含糖饮品(次/周) 20.212 < 0.001 8.798 0.012 ≤1 497(47.7) 74(41.3) 17(32.1) 403(49.1) 185(40.8) 2~ 384(36.9) 73(40.8) 16(30.2) 283(34.5) 190(41.9) ≥4 161(15.5) 32(17.9) 20(37.7) 135(16.4) 78(17.2) 体力活动水平 0.294 0.863 4.484 0.106 不足 131(12.6) 12(6.7) 7(13.2) 103(68.7) 47(31.3) 充分 198(19.0) 31(17.3) 11(20.8) 165(68.8) 75(31.3) 活跃 713(68.4) 136(76.0) 35(66.0) 553(62.6) 331(37.4) 静态行为时间(h/d) 1.789 0.409 0.579 0.447 < 8 454(43.6) 69(38.5) 21(39.6) 357(43.5) 187(41.3) ≥8 588(56.4) 110(61.5) 32(60.4) 464(56.5) 266(58.7) 
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表 2 长沙市大学生各类外卖消费情况[n(%)]
Table 2. Consumption of various takeaways of college students in Changsha[n(%)]
变量 消费频次 χ2值 P值 0 1~ 3~ ≥6 中式快餐盒饭 21.521 < 0.001 < 男 193(34.5) 164(42.1) 78(50.3) 37(56.1) < 女 366(65.5) 226(57.9) 77(49.7) 29(43.9) 粉/面 5.627 0.131 < 男 266(40.1) 132(37.4) 63(49.2) 11(44.0) < 女 398(59.9) 221(62.6) 65(50.8) 14(56.0) 炸鸡/汉堡 11.570 0.009 < 男 262(37.4) 159(42.7) 40(49.4) 11(68.8) < 女 439(62.6) 213(57.3) 41(50.6) 5(31.2) 含糖饮品及甜点 6.309 0.097 < 男 306(42.5) 113(43.9) 42(44.2) 11(35.5) < 女 414(57.5) 211(65.1) 53(55.8) 20(64.5) 包子/粥/饼 1.676 0.642 < 男 281(39.9) 107(43.7) 45(37.5) 39(39.0) < 女 424(60.1) 138(56.3) 75(62.5) 61(61.0) 馄饨/饺子 6.257 0.100 < 男 294(43.0) 102(34.8) 51(37.8) 25(43.1) < 女 390(57.0) 191(65.2) 84(62.2) 33(56.9) 生煎/锅贴 7.370 0.061 < 男 380(39.5) 56(39.2) 25(54.3) 11(61.1) < 女 583(60.5) 87(60.8) 21(47.5) 7(38.9) 香锅/火锅/麻辣烫 5.936 0.115 < 男 317(42.0) 113(35.0) 31(43.7) 11(50.0) < 女 437(58.0) 210(65.0) 40(56.3) 11(50.0) 小龙虾 5.195 0.158 < 男 405(39.2) 42(46.2) 18(51.4) 7(58.3) < 女 627(60.8) 49(53.8) 17(48.6) 5(41.7) 炸串/烧烤类 6.598 0.086 < 男 363(39.6) 78(39.4) 24(52.2) 7(70.0) < 女 553(60.4) 120(60.6) 22(47.8) 3(30.0) 鸭脖等卤味 4.933 0.177 < 男 393(40.3) 52(35.9) 22(51.2) 5(62.5) < 女 581(59.7) 93(64.1) 21(48.8) 3(37.5) 披萨/意面 5.824 0.120 < 男 392(39.8) 53(38.7) 21(53.8) 6(66.7) < 女 593(60.2) 84(61.3) 18(46.2) 3(33.3) 寿司/饭团 10.814 0.013 < 男 379(41.0) 60(33.3) 25(44.6) 8(80.0) < 女 545(59.0) 120(66.7) 31(55.4) 2(20.0) 沙拉/营养配餐 4.263 0.234 < 男 384(40.0) 54(39.7) 23(39.7) 11(64.7) < 女 575(60.0) 82(60.3) 35(60.3) 6(35.3)
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表 3 长沙市大学生超重肥胖的多因素分析
Table 3. Multivariate analysis of overweight and obesity among college students in Changsha
因素 β Sx Wald χ2值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 性别 < 男 1.000 < 女 -0.597 0.172 12.043 0.001 0.550(0.393~0.771)a 户口 < 城镇 1.000 < 农村 -0.536 0.173 9.620 0.002 0.585(0.417~0.821)a 工作日外卖频次 < < 3 1.000 < 3~ -0.106 0.251 0.177 0.674 0.900(0.550~1.473) < ≥7 0.708 0.337 4.404 0.036 2.030(1.048~3.934)a 油炸食物(次/周) < < 2 1.000 < 2~ -0.241 0.203 1.416 0.234 0.786(0.528~1.169) < ≥4 0.513 0.276 3.441 0.064 1.670(0.971~2.870) 常量 -0.220 0.381 0.335 0.563 0.082 注:a表示P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。
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