2010—2018年深圳市急救中心受理的道路交通伤害流行病学特点

许波; 李丽萍

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.07.016

2010—2018年深圳市急救中心受理的道路交通伤害流行病学特点

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.07.016

许波^{1, 2},
李丽萍^{1, 3, ,}

1.
515041 汕头，汕头大学医学院
2.
518035 深圳，深圳市急救中心
3.
515063 汕头，汕头大学公共卫生学院

详细信息

通讯作者:
李丽萍，E-mail: lpli@stu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R641; R181.2+3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-24
- 修回日期: 2021-06-03
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-13
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-10

Epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injuries accepted by Shenzhen Emergency Center from 2010 to 2018

XU Bo^{1, 2},
LI Li-ping^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
2.
Shenzhen Emergency Center, Shenzhen 518035, China
3.
School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China

More Information

Corresponding author: Li Li-ping, E-mail: lpli@stu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的调查深圳市2010—2018年人群道路交通伤害(road traffic injury, RTI)的现状，为深圳市完善道路交通安全相关政策及RTI预防提供参考与建议。方法回顾性分析2010—2018年深圳市急救中心急救综合信息查询平台受理的RTI数据，统计深圳市RTI发生的总体情况、人群特点、时间、区域分布及伤情严重程度等。结果 2010—2018年深圳市急救中心涉及人员伤亡的RTI共79 369例，受伤/现场死亡比为79.66∶1。深圳市急救中心RTI发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ_趋势²=8.200, P=0.004)，现场死亡率总体上亦呈下降趋势(χ_趋势²=4.604, P=0.032)。男性发病率为478.90/10万人，高于女性发病率223.92/10万人(χ²=92.823, P < 0.001)。受伤者年龄多以20~＜40岁青壮年为主，占比60.16%。按月份分布，7月份呼叫率最高，占比8.98%，2月份最低，占比4.84%；10月份现场致死人数最多，占比19.91%。按呼叫时间分布，周末高于工作日，一天24 h中RTI的就诊高峰时间为19∶00—20∶00及8∶00—9∶00，而3∶00—5∶00 RTI就诊数最低。按区域分布，各行政区间分布不均衡，以研究期间各区域平均常住人口为暴露分母计算, 光明区RTI发生率为1 007.73/10万人，大鹏新区及盐田区随后，为917.72/10万人和917.62/10万人。各区域间差异有统计学意义(χ²=592.057, P < 0.001)。急救反应时间分布呈非正态分布，救护车到达现场时间为11.93(8.23, 17.38) min, 救护车到达医院时间为24.25(17.93, 32.70) min。结论针对深圳市急救中心2010—2018年RTI流行病学特点，预防和控制RTI的关键是完善道路交通管理体制，提高重点人群的交通安全防范意识，加强高峰时段的道路监管，合理调配急救资源，提高急救反应时间，改进急救体系和服务模式，制定科学的防范措施。
- 道路交通伤害 /
- 院前急救 /
- 流行病学
Abstract: Objective To investigate the current situation of road traffic injuries (RTI) among the population in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018, and to provide references and suggestions for improving road traffic safety related policies and traffic injures prevention in Shenzhen. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the RTI data accepted by the Emergency Comprehensive Information Query Platform of Shenzhen Emergency Center from 2010 to 2018, and statistics were made on the overall situation, population characteristics, time, regional distribution and severity of RTI in Shenzhen. Results From 2010 to 2018, there were 79 369 cases of RTI in Shenzhen, and the ratio of injuries to instant deaths was 79.66∶1. The incidence of RTI in Shenzhen Emergency Center was generally decreasing (χ_trend²=8.200, P=0.004), and the on-site death rate was also showed a decreasing (χ_trend²=4.604, P=0.032) trend. The incidence rate of male was 478.90 per 100 000, which was higher than that of female (223.92 per 100 000, χ²=92.823, P < 0.001). Most of the cases were young people aged 20-40 years old, accounting for 60.16%. According to the distribution of call time, the peak hours of RTI consultation made in the hours among 7pm to 8pm and 8am to 9am of a day, and the number of RTI consultation was the lowest in the hour between 3am to 5am. In addition, the distribution of administrative regions was unbalanced. Taking the average resident population of each region as the exposed denominator during the study period, the incidence of RTI in Guangming District was 1 007.73/100 000, followed by 917.72/100 000 and 917.62/100 000 in Dapeng New District and Yantian District. The differences among different regions were statistically significant (χ²=592.057, P < 0.001). The distribution of emergency response time showed an non-normal curve, and the median time of ambulance arrival on a site of accident was 11.93 min, and the median time of ambulance arrival on an emergency department was 24.25 min. Conclusion According to the epidemiological characters from 2010 to 2018, the key points to preventing and controlling RTI would be: improving the road traffic management system; improving the traffic safety awareness of the key crowds; strengthening the roads regulation during the rush hours; deploying the emergency resources more rationally; shorting the emergency response time; improving the first aid system and service mode; and developing scientific precautionary measures.
- Road traffic injury /
- Pre-hospital care /
- Epidemiology

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图 1 2010—2018年深圳市不同月份RTI伤亡情况

Figure 1. Casualties of RTI in different months in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018

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图 2 2010—2018年深圳市不同时段RTI伤亡情况

Figure 2. Causualties of RTI in different periods of time in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018

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图 3 2010—2018年深圳市工作日及周末RTI伤亡情况

Figure 3. Causualties of RTI on weekdays and weekends in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018

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图 4 2010—2018年深圳市RTI区域点状分布图

Figure 4. Distribution map of RTI areas in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018

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图 5 2010—2018年深圳市不同行政区域RTI伤亡情况

Figure 5. Casualties of RTI in different administrative areas of Shenzhen from 2010 to 2018

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表 1 2010—2018年深圳市急救中心受理的RTI的总体情况[n (%)]

Table 1. Overall situation of RTI accepted by Shenzhen Emergency Center from 2010 to 2018 [n (%)]

年份(年)	RTI受伤例数	RTI现场死亡例数	RTI总例数
2010	9 637(12.17)	21(2.13)	9 658(12.17)
2011	12 279(15.60)	104(10.57)	12 383(15.60)
2012	11 299(14.49)	203(20.63)	11 502(14.49)
2013	8 914(11.45)	170(17.28)	9 084(11.45)
2014	7 728(9.85)	92(9.35)	7 820(9.85)
2015	7 638(9.76)	107(10.87)	7 745(9.76)
2016	7 176(9.17)	101(10.26)	7 277(9.17)
2017	6 964(8.89)	95(9.65)	7 059(8.89)
2018	6 750(8.62)	91(9.26)	6 841(8.62)
合计	78 385(98.76)	984(1.24)	79 369(100.00)

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