A study on the status quo and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in China
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摘要:
目的 了解中国老年人跌倒现状及其影响因素,为预防老年人跌倒提供参考。 方法 收集2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)中≥60岁的7 070名老年人的相关数据,采用χ2检验和二分类Logistic回归分析模型分析老年人跌倒现状及其影响因素。 结果 1 652人在过去两年内发生过跌倒,跌倒率为23.4%。714人跌倒后情况较重需要就医,跌倒就医率为10.9%。二分类Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,没有配偶、自评健康一般和不好、患慢性病、有抑郁症状、日常生活能力受损、视力较差、听力较差和使用辅助工具(OR=1.187、1.319、1.435、1.154、1.433、1.730、1.230、1.488、1.503)是老年人跌倒的危险因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 老年人跌倒是多种因素综合作用的结果。应全面评估危险因素,采取综合预防措施,预防和减少导致跌倒的隐患,保护老年人健康。 Abstract:Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of falls among the elderly in China, and to provide a reference for preventing falls among the elderly. Methods The data of 7 070 elderly people over 60 years old were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. The chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of falls in the elderly. Results A total of 1 652 people had fallen in the past two years, and the incidence of falls was 23.4%. There were 714 people with serious conditions after falls that required medical attention, and the rate of falls medical treatment was 10.9%. Binary Logistic regression results showed that no spouse, fair and poor self-rated health status, chronic diseases, depressive symptoms, activity of daily living disability, poor vision, poor hearing, and use of supporting tools (OR=1.187, 1.319, 1.435, 1.154, 1.433, 1.730, 1.230, 1.488, 1.503) were risk factors for falls in the elderly (P < 0.05). Conclusions Falls in the elderly are caused by a variety of factors. The risk factors should be comprehensively evaluated, and comprehensive prevention should be taken to prevent and reduce the potential risks leading to falls and protect the health of the elderly. -
Key words:
- Elderly people /
- Falls /
- Influence factors
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表 1 老年人跌倒的单因素分析
Table 1. Univariate analysis of fall in the elderly
变量 未跌倒 跌倒 χ2值 P值 变量 未跌倒 跌倒 χ2值 P值 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % 人数 % 性别 1.273 0.259 饮酒 0.167 0.682 男 2 621 77.2 773 22.8 饮酒 1 595 76.3 495 23.7 女 2 797 76.1 879 23.9 不饮酒 3 823 76.8 1 157 23.2 年龄(岁) 11.474 0.003 抑郁状况 127.753 < 0.001 60~<70 2 751 77.9 781 22.1 无抑郁症状 3 191 81.8 712 18.2 70~<80 2 045 76.3 635 23.7 有抑郁症状 2 227 70.3 940 29.7 ≥80 622 72.5 236 27.5 生活自理能力 218.288 < 0.001 文化程度 12.564 0.002 完好 4 144 81.3 956 18.7 文盲 2 689 74.9 902 25.1 受损 1 274 64.7 696 35.3 小学 1 231 78.3 342 21.7 视力 66.081 < 0.001 初中及以上 1 498 78.6 408 21.4 较好 1 192 81.9 263 18.1 婚姻状况 22.004 < 0.001 一般 2 893 77.7 829 22.3 有配偶 4 464 77.8 1 276 22.2 较差 1 333 70.4 560 29.6 没有配偶 954 71.7 376 28.3 听力 82.292 < 0.001 居住地 2.119 0.146 较好 1 553 81.5 353 18.5 城市 1 102 78.1 309 21.9 一般 3 092 77.0 922 23.0 农村 4 316 76.3 1 343 23.7 较差 773 67.2 377 32.8 自评健康 115.057 < 0.001 辅助工具 105.458 < 0.001 好 985 85.1 172 14.9 使用 428 61.1 273 38.9 一般 2 704 78.6 738 21.4 未使用 4 990 78.3 1 379 21.7 不好 1 729 70.0 742 30.0 社交项目数 4.986 0.083 慢性病 30.175 < 0.001 参加1项 4 372 76.9 1 315 23.1 患病 2 645 73.9 934 26.1 参加2项 689 77.3 202 22.7 未患病 2 773 79.4 718 20.6 参加≥3项 357 72.6 135 27.4 表 2 老年人跌倒的影响因素分析
Table 2. Analysis of influencing factors of fall in the elderly
变量 比较组 参照组 β sx Wald值 P值 OR值 95% CI 年龄(岁) 70~<80 60~<70 -0.010 0.064 0.025 0.874 0.990 0.873~1.123 ≥80 0.059 0.096 0.381 0.537 1.061 0.879~1.280 文化程度 小学 文盲 -0.112 0.075 2.215 0.137 0.894 0.772~1.036 初中及以上 -0.002 0.072 0.000 0.983 0.998 0.867~1.149 婚姻状况 没有配偶 有配偶 0.171 0.074 5.338 0.021 1.187 1.026~1.372 自评健康状况 一般 好 0.277 0.098 8.042 0.005 1.319 1.089~1.598 不好 0.361 0.104 12.005 0.001 1.435 1.170~1.761 慢性病 患病 未患病 0.143 0.060 5.794 0.016 1.154 1.027~1.297 抑郁状况 有抑郁症状 无抑郁症状 0.360 0.062 33.578 < 0.001 1.433 1.269~1.619 生活自理能力 受损 未受损 0.548 0.066 68.712 < 0.001 1.730 1.519~1.969 视力 一般 较好 0.112 0.085 1.734 0.188 1.119 0.947~1.322 较差 0.207 0.094 4.848 0.028 1.230 1.023~1.480 听力 一般 较好 0.079 0.076 1.068 0.301 1.082 0.932~1.256 较差 0.398 0.095 17.665 < 0.001 1.488 1.236~1.791 辅助工具 使用 未使用 0.407 0.092 19.542 < 0.001 1.503 1.254~1.800 常数 -2.184 0.112 382.895 0.000 0.113 -
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