Differences in the characteristics of drinking patterns and their quality-of-life scores in the population of Beijing and Hebei
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摘要:
目的 了解京冀两地人群的饮酒模式现状，探究不同饮酒模式的特征及其生命质量的得分差异。 方法 选取“正常人群不同体质中医脉诊生理参数系统调查”数据库中符合条件的数据，依据日均纯酒精摄入量划分饮酒模式，通过简明健康状况调查问卷(medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey, SF-36)获得生命质量得分，采用最小二乘回归分析不同饮酒模式的生命质量得分差异。 结果 纳入样本1 994例，其中男性654例，女性1 340例；年龄为31.7(22.0，37.0)岁。不饮酒模式、前饮酒模式、适度饮酒模式、中度饮酒模式、重度饮酒模式分别有1 375人、74人、368人、90人、87人。5种饮酒模式比较，性别、年龄、婚姻情况、学历、主观经济状况、家庭人均实际收入、家庭成员、BMI、家族史、合并慢性病、饮茶情况、吸烟情况、睡眠习惯、劳逸情况、运动习惯的组间差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。控制混杂变量的结果显示，5种饮酒模式的SF-36总分、心理领域以及下属的社会功能、情感职能、精神健康维度得分组间差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。差异性检验与最小临床重要差值共同表明，不饮酒模式的生命质量最好，重度饮酒模式次之，其次是中度、适度饮酒模式，前饮酒模式最差，尤其在心理领域及其下属维度。 结论 相较于不饮酒模式，前饮酒模式生命质量最差，重度饮酒模式得分虽高，但考虑到其他健康结局，建议人群减少饮酒或保持不饮酒，以获得较大的健康效益。 -
关键词:
- 饮酒模式 /
- 生命质量 /
- 简明健康状况调查问卷
Abstract:Objective To understand the current situation of drinking patterns in Beijing and Hebei, and to investigate the characteristics of different drinking patterns and the differences in quality of life (QOL) scores. Methods Eligible data from the database of "the Systematic Survey of TCM Pulse Diagnosis Physiological Parameters in Normal Adult Populations with Different Constitutions Database "were selected. Drinking patterns based on average daily intake of pure alcohol, and the quality of life (QOL) scores were obtained by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Least squares regression was used to analyze differences in QOL scores across drinking patterns. Results A total of 1 994 cases were included in the analysis, including 654 males and 1 340 females, with an age distribution of 31.7 (22.0, 37.0) years. Among them, the number of subjects in non-drinking patten, ex-drinking pattern, middle drinking pattern, moderate drinking pattern, and heavy drinking pattern was 1 375, 74, 368, 90 and 87, respectively. Comparing the 5 groups, there were statistically significant between-group differences in gender, age, marital status, education, subjective economic situation, real per capita family income, family members, BMI, family history, complicated with chronic diseases, tea drinking situation, smoking situation, sleep habits, work and leisure situation, and exercise habits (all P < 0.05). After controlling for confounding variables, there were significant differences of scores on the SF-36 total score, the mental component summary (MCS), and subordinate social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE) and mental health (MH) dimensions for among the five drinking patterns(all P < 0.05). The test of difference and the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) together showed that the non-drinking pattern has the best QOL, followed by the heavy drinking pattern, then middle and moderate drinking patterns, and the ex-drinking pattern was the worst, especially in the MCS and its subordinate dimensions. Conclusions The ex-drinking pattern has the worst QOL compared to the non-drinking pattern. Although the heavy drinking pattern scores well, given the other health outcomes, it is recommended that the population reduce alcohol consumption or remain alcohol-free for greater health benefits. -
图 1 不同饮酒模式的SF-36总分、生理领域及心理领域得分比较
SF-36: 简明健康状况调查问卷; PCS: 生理领域; MCS: 心理领域; D: 最小二乘均值差值; 图A表示不同饮酒模式的SF-36量表得分；图B表示不同饮酒模式的PCS得分；图C表示不同饮酒模式的MCS得分; a: 将D≥3视为有最小临床重要差值; b: 组间差异Dunnett检验P＜0.05.
Figure 1. Comparison of total, PCS and MCS scores between different drinking patterns
SF-36: medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey; PCS: physical component score; MCS: mental component score; D: the difference between least-squares means; Figure A represents the SF-36 scores for different drinking patterns; Figure B represents the PCS for different drinking patterns, and Figure C represents the MCS for different drinking patterns; a: D≥3 was regarded as having the MCID; b: the difference between groups was tested by Dunnett′s test, P < 0.05.
表 1 不同饮酒模式的划分标准
Table 1. Criteria for classifying different drinking patterns
日均酒精摄入
Average daily alcohol intake饮酒模式
Drinking patterns从不饮酒Never drink alcohol 不饮酒模式Non-drinking 以前饮酒Drinking alcohol before 前饮酒模式Ex-drinking 0~＜15/(g·d-1) 适度饮酒模式Moderate-drinking 15~＜30/(g·d-1) 中度饮酒模式Middle-drinking ≥30/(g·d-1) 重度饮酒模式Heavy-drinking 
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表 2 不同饮酒模式的人口社会特征
Table 2. Demographic and social characteristics of different drinking patterns
变量Variables 饮酒模式 ① Drinking-patterns ① χ2/U
值
valueP
值
value不饮酒
Non-drinking
(n=1 375)前饮酒
Ex-drinking
(n=74)适度饮酒
Moderate-drinking
(n=368)中度饮酒
Middle-drinking
(n=90)重度饮酒
Heavy-drinking
(n=87)性别Gender 683.414 ＜0.001 男Male 202(30.9) 47(7.2) 251(38.4) 74(11.3) 80(12.2) 女Female 1 173(87.6) 27(2.0) 117(8.7) 16(1.2) 7(0.5) 年龄/岁Age/years 27.0(21.0, 36.0) 32.0(24.8, 46.0) 29.0(24.0, 38.0) 33.0(24.8, 47.0) 30.0(23.0, 43.0) 46.138 ＜0.001 婚况Marital status 39.519 ＜0.001 非在婚Non-married 760(75.2) 28(2.8) 156(15.4) 32(3.2) 34(3.4) 在婚Married 615(62.5) 46(4.7) 212(21.5) 58(5.9) 53(5.4) 家庭人员数Family members 11.214 0.024 ＜3 337(63.8) 21(4.0) 117(22.2) 31(5.9) 22(4.1) ≥3 1 038(70.8) 53(3.6) 251(17.1) 59(4.0) 65(4.5) 学历Education 75.931 ＜0.001 初中及以下Junior middle school or below 165(69.9) 15(6.4) 35(14.8) 10(4.2) 11(4.7) 高中、中专Senior high school or technical school 125(51.0) 11(4.5) 56(22.9) 28(11.4) 25(10.2) 大专及以上College and above 1 085(71.7) 48(3.2) 277(18.3) 52(3.4) 51(3.4) 主观经济状况Subjective economic situation 18.407 0.018 好Good 73(56.2) 3(2.3) 41(31.5) 7(5.4) 6(4.6) 一般Average 1 056(69.2) 59(3.9) 270(17.7) 71(4.7) 69(4.5) 差Poor 220(72.2) 11(3.6) 51(16.7) 11(3.6) 12(3.9) 家庭人均实际收入/元Real per capita family income/yuan 38.477 ＜0.001 ＜2 000 329(78.1) 12(2.9) 50(11.9) 18(4.2) 12(2.9) 2 000~＜5 000 692(67.3) 40(3.9) 192(18.7) 50(4.9) 54(5.2) 5 000~＜8 000 224(68.7) 14(4.3) 62(19.0) 13(4.0) 13(4.0) ≥8 000 130(59.3) 8(3.7) 64(29.2) 9(4.1) 8(3.7) 注：①以人数(占比/%)或M(P25, P75)表示。
Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%) or M(P25, P75).
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表 3 不同饮酒模式的行为和疾病特征
Table 3. Behavioural and disease characteristics of different drinking patterns
变量Variables 饮酒模式 ① Drinking-patterns ① χ2/U
值
valueP
值
value不饮酒
Non-drinking
(n=1 375)前饮酒
Ex-drinking
(n=74)适度饮酒
Moderate-drinking
(n=368)中度饮酒
Middle-drinking
(n=90)重度饮酒
Heavy-drinking
(n=87)饮茶情况Tea drinking situation 74.357 ＜0.001 常饮Often 168(54.0) 12(3.9) 82(26.4) 29(9.3) 20(6.4) 偶饮Occasionally 681(67.4) 34(3.4) 205(20.3) 42(4.2) 48(4.7) 不饮Never 526(78.2) 28(4.2) 81(12.0) 19(2.8) 19(2.8) 吸烟情况Smoking situation 583.077 ＜0.001 吸烟Yes 42(16.2) 18(6.9) 104(39.8) 46(17.6) 51(19.5) 以前吸Ex-smoker 19(26.8) 13(18.3) 28(39.4) 6(8.5) 5(7.0) 从不吸Never 1 314(79.1) 43(2.6) 236(14.2) 38(2.3) 31(1.8) 睡眠习惯Sleep habits 36.759 0.002 早睡早起Keep early hours 377(76.8) 20(4.1) 62(12.6) 18(3.6) 14(2.9) 晚睡晚起Keep late hours 164(59.5) 13(4.7) 64(23.2) 20(7.2) 15(5.4) 晚睡早起Sleep late, get up early 33(70.2) 1(2.1) 10(21.3) 2(4.3) 1(2.1) 早睡晚起Sleep early, get up late 536(67.9) 23(2.9) 159(20.2) 30(3.8) 41(5.2) 不规律Irregularly 265(67.8) 17(4.3) 73(18.7) 20(5.1) 16(4.1) 劳逸情况Work and leisure situation 45.992 ＜0.001 重体力劳动Heavy physical labor 57(62.6) 7(7.7) 12(13.2) 5(5.5) 10(11.0) 轻体力劳动Light physical labor 442(63.2) 29(4.2) 139(19.9) 45(6.4) 44(6.3) 脑力劳动Mental labor 876(72.8) 38(3.2) 217(18.0) 40(3.3) 33(2.7) 运动习惯Exercise habits 49.667 ＜0.001 经常Often 217(55.8) 20(5.1) 93(23.9) 31(8.0) 28(7.2) 偶尔Occasionally 525(69.4) 29(3.8) 139(18.4) 33(4.4) 30(4.0) 不太Seldom 633(74.6) 25(2.9) 136(16.0) 26(3.1) 29(3.4) BMI 95.633 ＜0.001 体重不足Underweight 151(83.9) 4(2.2) 17(9.4) 3(1.7) 5(2.8) 正常Normal weight 725(75.7) 25(2.6) 145(15.1) 38(4.0) 25(2.6) 超重Overweight 219(62.8) 18(5.2) 71(20.3) 20(5.7) 21(6.0) 肥胖Obesity 280(55.3) 27(5.3) 135(26.6) 29(5.7) 36(7.1) 家族史Family history 28.186 ＜0.001 无No 618(75.2) 26(3.2) 117(14.2) 26(3.2) 35(4.2) 有Yes 757(64.6) 48(4.1) 251(21.4) 64(5.5) 52(4.4) 合并慢性病Complicated with chronic diseases 27.522 ＜0.001 无No 630(75.0) 26(3.1) 121(14.4) 27(3.2) 36(4.3) 有Yes 745(64.5) 48(4.2) 247(21.4) 63(5.5) 51(4.4) 注：①以人数(占比/%)表示。
Note: ① Number of people(proportion/%).
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表 4 不同饮酒模式的SF-36各维度得分比较
Table 4. Comparison of SF-36 dimensions for different drinking patterns
维度
Dimensions饮酒模式x±s Drinking-patterns, x±s 不饮酒
Non-drinking前饮酒
Ex-drinking适度饮酒
Moderate- drinking中度饮酒
Middle-drinking重度饮酒
Heavy-drinkingPF 91.46±0.85 91.74 ±1.35 92.14 ±0.90 91.44 ±1.30 90.34 ±1.31 RP 82.43±2.25 78.24±3.59 79.69±2.39 79.82±3.46 83.29±3.48 BP 80.89±1.52 78.17±2.42 79.24±1.61 80.04±2.33 78.97±2.34 GH 68.57±1.62 63.64±2.58 67.75±1.72 70.19±2.49 67.23±2.50 VT 70.22±1.35 66.27±2.15 68.76±1.43 66.55±2.07 67.97±2.08 SF 89.01±1.22 85.37±1.95 86.94±1.30 85.48±1.88 85.41±1.89 RE 78.10±2.99 66.23±4.76 70.69±3.17 69.58±4.59 73.73±4.61 MH 74.95±1.22 72.91±1.95 71.68±1.30 75.27±1.88 74.20±1.89 维度
DimensionsⅠ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ P值
valueD P值
valueD P值
valueD P值
valueD P值
valuePF 0.28 1.000 0.68 0.780 -0.02 1.000 -1.12 0.825 0.627 RP -4.21 ① 0.586 -2.74 0.433 -2.61 0.874 0.86 0.998 0.402 BP -2.72 0.625 -1.65 0.539 -0.85 0.990 -1.92 0.848 0.591 GH -4.93 ① 0.146 -0.82 0.948 1.62 0.921 -1.34 0.963 0.229 VT -3.95 ① 0.174 -1.45 0.549 -3.66 ① 0.202 -2.25 0.675 0.143 SF -3.64 ① 0.162 -2.07 0.141 -3.53 ① 0.156 -3.60 ① 0.161 0.045 RE -11.88 ①② 0.029 -7.41 ①② 0.010 -8.52 ① 0.165 -4.37 ① 0.767 0.006 MH -2.03 0.686 -3.27 ①② 0.005 0.32 1.000 -0.75 0.988 0.014 注：1. SF-36, 简明健康状况调查问卷; PF，生理功能；RP，生理职能；BP，躯体疼痛；GH，一般健康状况；VT，精力；SF，社会功能；RE，情感职能；MH，精神健康；D，最小二乘均值差值。
2. SF-36各维度得分，最小二乘均值±标准误；参照组，不饮酒组；Ⅰ，前饮酒：参照组；Ⅱ，适度饮酒：参照组；Ⅲ，中度饮酒：参照组；Ⅳ，重度饮酒：参照组。
①将D≥3视为有最小临床重要差值; ②组间差异Dunnet t检验P＜0.05。
Note：1. SF-36, medical outcomes study 36-item short-form health survey; PF, physical functioning; RP, role physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health; VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; RE, role emotional; MH, mental health; D, the difference between least-squares means.
2. SF-36 scores for each dimension, LS means±SE; The reference group, the non-drinking group; Ⅰ, pre-drinking : the reference group; Ⅱ, middle-drinking : the reference group; Ⅲ, Middle-drinking: the reference group; Ⅳ, heavy drinking : the reference group.
① D≥3 was regarded as having the MCID; ② the difference between groups was tested by Dunnett′s test, P＜0.05.
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