Epidemiological analysis of plague among animals in epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2006 to 2020
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摘要:
目的 了解内蒙古自治区(简称内蒙古)长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行情况以及流行特点, 为内蒙古鼠疫防控工作提供科学依据。 方法 收集、整理2006―2020年内蒙古鼠疫监测数据, 采用Excel 2010软件, 分别输入宿主、媒介、病原体和血清学数据, 并根据不同年龄和物种组成, 采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。 结果 以5年为间隔分为3个时间段, 鼠密度和动物间疫情在每个时间段内均呈先增高后降低的趋势, 呈现出一定的周期性。2006―2020年长爪沙鼠疫源地平均鼠密度为2.91只/hm2, 夜行鼠总捕获率为3.16%, 染蚤率为27.61%, 平均蚤指数为0.83。在纳入研究的15年中, 有13年分离出鼠疫耶尔森菌。2006―2020年平均阳性率为0.33%、间接血凝试验阳性率为0.49%。 结论 内蒙古长爪沙鼠疫源地持续处于活跃状态, 要做好鼠密度监测及动物间疫情的预警工作, 降低动物间鼠疫的发生和流行风险, 阻止其向人间传播。 Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemic situation and epidemic characteristics of plague among animals in the focus of Meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods The monitoring data of plague in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2006 to 2020 were collected and sorted out. Using Excel 2010 software, data on hosts, vectors, pathogens, and serology were entered separately, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis based on different age and species composition. Results The 15 years included in the analysis was divided into three time periods with a 5-year interval. The mice density and the positive rate of plague among animals showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing in each time period, showing a certain periodicity. The average mice density was 2.91 rats/hm2, the total capture rate of nocturnal rodents was 3.16%, the flea-infected rate was 27.61%, and the average flea index was 0.83 in the focus of Meriones unguiculatus. Plague bacilli was isolated in 13 years of the 15 years included in the study; the average positive rate for 15 years was 0.33%, and the positive rate of indirect hemagglutination test was 0.49%. Conclusions The results of this study show that the plague among animals in epidemic focus of Meriones unguiculatus is continuously active, so it is necessary to do good jobs in monitoring and early warning of mice density and epidemic situation among animals, reducing the occurrence and epidemic risk of plague of animals. -
图 1 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地的鼠密度分布
Figure 1. From 2006 to 2020, 64 184 main host animals were captured in the epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with an average rat density of 2.91/hm2, and the highest rat density was in 2014
图 2 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地夜行宿主动物捕获情况趋势图
Figure 2. From 2006 to 2020, 14 211 nocturnal host animals were captured epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total capture rate of 3.16%. The year with the highest capture rate of nocturnal host animals was 2006
图 3 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地夜行宿主动物捕获情况构成图
Figure 3. From 2006 to 2020, 22 kinds of nocturnal host animals were captured in the epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, of which 3 983 were five toed jerboas, accounting for 28.02%, and 671 were the main host animals, accounting for 4.34%
图 4 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地鼠体蚤构成
Figure 4. From 2006 to 2020, the monitoring results of body fleas of Mongolian gerbils in the epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed that the main fleas were the X.conformis conformis, the Nosopsyllus laeviceps and the X.Skrjabini
图 5 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地病原学和血清学检测结果
Figure 5. From 2006 to 2020, 371 strains of positive bacteria, 192 strains of fleas and 114 positive serum samples were detected in host animals of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region epidemic focus
表 1 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地长爪沙鼠鼠体蚤监测
Table 1. From 2006 to 2020, the flea surveillance of Mongolian unguiculatus in the epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was reflected by flea infection rate and flea index
年份 主要宿主数/只 染蚤宿主数/只 获蚤总数/匹 染蚤率/% 蚤指数 年份 主要宿主数/只 染蚤宿主数/只 获蚤总数/匹 染蚤率/% 蚤指数 2006 4 141 1 485 4 584 35.86 1.11 2014 6 877 1 678 6 038 24.40 0.88 2007 4 677 1 493 3 663 31.92 0.78 2015 5 078 1 661 3 811 32.71 0.75 2008 5 464 1 637 4 763 29.96 0.87 2016 3 296 925 2 709 28.06 0.82 2009 5 367 1 479 7 066 27.56 1.32 2017 4 879 989 2 090 20.27 0.43 2010 4 143 1 300 4 528 31.38 1.09 2018 4 762 1 211 3 636 25.43 0.76 2011 4 292 1 326 4 733 30.89 1.10 2019 7 419 1 454 3 334 19.60 0.45 2012 4 513 1 126 3 986 24.95 0.88 2020 7 881 2 073 6 101 26.30 0.77 2013 3 632 1 266 2 204 34.86 0.61 合计 76 421 21 103 63 246 27.61 0.83 
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表 2 2006―2020年内蒙古自治区长爪沙鼠疫源地动物病原学监测
Table 2. From 2006 to 2020, 112 041 gerbils of various hosts were dissected in the epidemic focus of meriones unguiculatus in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
年份 检测总数 宿主种类及数量/只 达乌尔黄鼠 赤颊黄鼠 黑线仓鼠 小毛足鼠 长爪沙鼠 子午沙鼠 大沙鼠 三趾跳鼠 五趾跳鼠 其他 2006 5 907 530 46 84 132 3 999 455 128 158 299 71 2007 6 070 826 21 117 164 3 914 338 153 110 292 133 2008 6 716 1 081 31 109 106 4 580 186 94 138 297 93 2009 7 409 1 149 38 158 98 4 809 319 209 164 275 184 2010 6 120 996 36 120 63 3 964 264 212 82 211 130 2011 6 520 1 100 94 104 47 4 418 193 172 67 188 134 2012 6 923 1 064 69 107 90 4 759 174 130 127 298 102 2013 7 573 756 89 108 97 5 400 303 193 100 278 246 2014 9 786 553 63 93 84 7 959 379 146 123 249 127 2015 6 899 726 96 87 84 4 753 291 177 123 352 208 2016 5 708 953 105 55 167 3 396 176 264 104 376 110 2017 7 361 610 70 129 138 5 338 368 178 71 291 159 2018 7 554 520 79 126 108 5 528 565 111 122 241 149 2019 10 698 526 28 180 160 8 415 466 94 56 236 298 2020 10 797 855 107 84 106 8 290 495 94 43 186 307 合计 112 041 12 245 972 1 661 1 644 79 522 4 972 2 355 1 588 4 069 2 451
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