Burden of disease attributable to cigarette smoking in Qingdao in 2015

Objective To estimate the burden of cancers attributable to smoking among the Qingdao population in 2015 and provide scientific basis for further tobacco control strategy. Methods According to the characteristics of different diseases, we calculated the population attributable fractions of different diseases, death and impact of life expectancy which caused by smoking, using smoking impact ratio as exposure levels. The sex-age-specific mortality attributable to smoking was collected from Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention by the online report system. The population was obtained from the Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Results In 2015, tobacco smoking caused an estimated 4 148 cancer deaths (3 195 in male and 953 in female), accounting for 29.13% of total cancer deaths (33.00% in male and 20.92% in female). The mortality increased with age, and increased significantly at age of 45-years. It reached the peak at age of 60-years. Lung cancer showed the greatest PAF (60.04%), followed by nasopharynx cancer (37.95%), oral cancer (35.41%), esophageal cancer (35.14%) and bladder cancer (14.93%). The leading cancers due to smoking in terms of mortality were lung (3 122), liver (339), esophageal (293) and stomach (185), and pancreatic cancer (55). The loss of life expectancy caused by cancer deaths attributable to smoking was 0.87 years (1.19 years in male and 0.45 years in female). Conclusions The burden of cancers attributable to smoking in Qingdao reached a high level. Tobacco control measures such as reducing the smoking rate and protecting non-smokers from secondhand smoke pollution are imperative.