Study on the epidemiological characteristics between field surveillance and site surveillance of HIV in a county of Guangxi

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population between field surveillance and site surveillance, so as to provide basis of prevention for effectively finding out HIV positive cases. Methods A county in Guangxi with high incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) level was selected, the data of HIV positive from January 1st, 2013 to March 31, 2014 was collected from the HIV/AIDS reporting systems as site surveillance while local permanent residents were tested for HIV antibody and related information was collected as field surveillance during the same period. Correspondence analysis was used to analyze the correlation of epidemiological characteristics of HIV positive population under two kinds of disease surveillance methods. Results A total of 214 586 people were tested by field surveillance finding 1 195 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.56%(1 195/214 586). A total of 151 365 people were tested by site surveillance finding 584 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.39%(584/151 365), which was lower than the field surveillance(χ²=53.69,P<0.001). Correspondence analysis showed that HIV positive cases aged 55- years, illiteracy and primary school culture degree, living in rural, heterosexual transmission, HIV infections and CD4 cell count≥200(cell/mm³) were more easily found by field surveillance, whereas people aged 30- years, senior high school or above education, living in urban, AIDS, other transmission routes and CD4 cell count<200(cell/mm³) had more chances to be found by site surveillance. Conclusions Carrying out field surveillance is conducive to early reveal HIV infections that look healthy. The elderly, low education level and living in rural are the focus and high-risk groups of HIV infection.