Study on the epidemiological characteristics between field surveillance and site surveillance of HIV in a county of Guangxi
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摘要: 目的 探讨现场监测与定点监测发现人类免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiency virus, HIV）阳性人群的流行病学特征，为有效发现HIV阳性病例提供防治依据。方法 在广西艾滋病高发区选择某县，获取2013年1月1日～2014年3月31日发现报告的HIV阳性数据（定点监测），同期对当地常住人口进行现场HIV抗体检测同时收集相关信息（现场监测）。运用对应分析法分析两种疾病监测方式下发现的HIV阳性人群流行病学特征间的关联性。结果 现场监测214 586人，发现阳性1 195例，发现率0.56%（1 195/214 586）；定点监测151 365人，发现阳性584例，发现率0.39%（584/151 365），现场监测发现率高于定点监测（χ2=53.69,P<0.001）；对应分析显示，现场监测更容易发现“年龄在55～岁、文盲/小学文化、农村、异性传播、HIV感染者和CD4细胞计数≥200（个/mm3）”的特征人群；定点监测更容易发现“30～岁、初中高中及以上文化、城镇、艾滋病、其他传播途径和CD4细胞计数<200（个/mm3）”的特征人群。结论 实施现场监测有利于发现非病症感染者，老年人群、低文化程度和农村人群是HIV感染的重点高危人群。Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population between field surveillance and site surveillance, so as to provide basis of prevention for effectively finding out HIV positive cases. Methods A county in Guangxi with high incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) level was selected, the data of HIV positive from January 1st, 2013 to March 31, 2014 was collected from the HIV/AIDS reporting systems as site surveillance while local permanent residents were tested for HIV antibody and related information was collected as field surveillance during the same period. Correspondence analysis was used to analyze the correlation of epidemiological characteristics of HIV positive population under two kinds of disease surveillance methods. Results A total of 214 586 people were tested by field surveillance finding 1 195 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.56%(1 195/214 586). A total of 151 365 people were tested by site surveillance finding 584 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.39%(584/151 365), which was lower than the field surveillance(χ2=53.69,P<0.001). Correspondence analysis showed that HIV positive cases aged 55- years, illiteracy and primary school culture degree, living in rural, heterosexual transmission, HIV infections and CD4 cell count≥200(cell/mm3) were more easily found by field surveillance, whereas people aged 30- years, senior high school or above education, living in urban, AIDS, other transmission routes and CD4 cell count<200(cell/mm3) had more chances to be found by site surveillance. Conclusions Carrying out field surveillance is conducive to early reveal HIV infections that look healthy. The elderly, low education level and living in rural are the focus and high-risk groups of HIV infection.
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Key words:
- HIV /
- Disease surveillance /
- Epidemiology /
- Corres pondence analysis
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