天津市冬季大气PM2.5中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

赵岩; 冯利红; 刘洪亮; 商博东; 王玉雯

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.020

天津市冬季大气PM2.5中金属元素污染特征及健康风险评价

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.020

1. 天津市疾病预防控制中心环境与健康所监测评价科, 天津 300011;
2. 天津医科大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系, 天津 300070

基金项目:

天津市疾病预防控制中心科技基金项目（CDCKY1404）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵岩(1983-),男,天津人,主管医师,硕士。主要研究方向:环境与人群健康。

中图分类号: R181;R122.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-11-13
- 修回日期: 2016-01-08

Pollution characteristics analysis and health risk assessment of metals in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin

1. Department of Environmental and Health Monitoring and Evaluation, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China;
2. Department of Occupational and Enuironmental Health, School of Public Health Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解天津市冬季大气PM2.5中金属元素的污染特征，并对人群进行健康风险评价。方法采集市区、市郊和农村的3个社区2013年12月～2014年2月间的PM2.5样品，用称重法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法分别检测PM2.5的质量浓度和12种金属元素的浓度，并运用美国环保局推荐的模型进行健康风险评价。结果市区、市郊和农村地区冬季PM2.5质量浓度变化范围为130.29～229.91 ug/m³，市区和市郊雾霾天高于非雾霾天，农村地区整体高于市区和市郊，五种金属元素的人群的非致癌危险度高低依次为Pb> Mn> Sb> Se> Hg，且对人群造成的健康风险均呈现出雾霾天高于非雾霾天，儿童高于成人的特点。市区，市郊和农村地区雾霾天和非雾霾天五种金属元素对人群的非致癌危险度均低于1，致癌金属元素Cr除市区和市郊非雾霾天外对人群的致癌危险度均在10^-5水平。结论天津市大气PM2.5中金属元素污染较为严重，金属元素对人群不存在非致癌风险，As、Cd和Ni对人群的致癌危险度处于可接受水平，但Cr可能存在健康风险。
- 空气污染物 /
- 颗粒物 /
- 健康状况指标 /
- 危险性评估
Abstract: Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of metallic elements in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin, and to assess the population health risks.Methods From December 2013 to February 2014, ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in Tianjin urban, suburb and rural areas, respectively. By weighing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry respectively, the concentration of PM2.5 and 12 kinds of metals were detected. Health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended USA EPA model.Results The concentrations of PM2.5 of urban, suburb and rural were from 130.29 ug/m³ to 229.91 ug/m³. The concentrations of PM2.5 in haze days of urban and suburb were higher than that of non-haze days. The concentration of PM2.5 in rural area was higher than that in urban and suburb. The non-carcinogenic risk from higher to lower of the five metals was Pb> Mn> Sb> Se> Hg, and the risk in haze days was higher than in non-haze days, and to children was higher than adults. Both in haze days and non-haze days, the level of non-carcinogenic risk of five metals were lower than 1 in urban, suburb and rural areas. The level of cancer risk of metal element Cr in PM2.5 was about 10^-5 except it was in non-haze days of urban and suburb.Conclusions The pollution of metals in PM2.5 was serious in Tianjin. The non-carcinogenic risks of metals did not exist, and the cancer risks of As, Cd and Ni were in acceptable level, but Cr could be health risk.
- Air pollutants /
- Particulate matter /
- Health status indicators /
- Risk assessment

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