Abstract: Objective To provide scientific basis for medical and health resources allocation by analysis on the disease composition of inpatients in Gansu Province from 2011 to 2014. Methods Rank-sum ratio and pareto analytical method were used to analyze the disease composition. Results Through the harmonious degree test, χ²=79.184,P=0.001, showed that there was statistical significance in coherence of disease spectrum, suggesting that there was no significant change in disease spectrum of Gansu Province from 2011 to 2014. The main diseases categoties of Gansu province were respiratory system diseases, circulatory system diseases, digestive system diseases, pregnancy childbirth and the puerperium, injuries and poisoning and certain other consequences of external cause, musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases, genitourinary system diseases, cancer. Conclusions Respiratory system diseases, circulatory system diseases and digestive system diseases are the main factors which affect the residents' health in Gansu Province. It is necessary to monitor the incidence of tumor.