Abstract: Objective To establish a viral myocarditis mouse model of enterovirus 71(EV71) infection, and to estimate the curative effect of 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside on this model, and provide the basis of clinical application of the drug. Methods 60 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, as the normal control group, model group, 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside low dose group, 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside medium dose group, 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside high dose group to 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside positive control group. The mice were injected with EV71 laboratory strain through intraperitoneal (IP). After sacrifice, the serum and heart tissue of each mouse were collected. The heart tissue were used for virus isolation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and pathologic examination. The changes of creatine kinase isoenzymes (CK-MB) in serum were determined. Results Infected mice successively demonstrated varying clinical symptoms and even death. The models were proved successfully with virus isolation from heart tissue, the results of RT-PCR, the changes of histopathology and the high level of CK-MB. Compared with the model group, the clinical manifestation was alleviated, and the level of CK-MB and mortality were obviously reduced. There were significant differences (all P<0.05), especially the high dose of 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside group. Conclusions The mouse could be infected with EV71 and lead to vital myocarditis. 3-azole nitrogen nucleoside could improve the clinical symptoms; reduce the mortality, and alleviate the damage in the heart tissue, which is benefit to cure vital myocarditis.