Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of continuous quality improvement management model on health knowledge acquisition mastering and the quality of life of patients with leukemia. Methods According to the date of hospitalization,104 cases (admitted in the year of 2012) and 103 cases (admitted in 2013) of leukemia patients, who were admitted to our department in the year of 2012 and 2013, respectively, were included in the control group and the experimental group, respectively. The control group received conventional care management while the experimental group received continuous quality improvement care management. The degree of health knowledge acquisition, quality of life, satisfaction with medical care and hospitalization time were compared between two groups. Results QLQ-C30 functional scores were higher and QLQ-C30 symptom scores lower in the experimental group compared to the control group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). The degree of health knowledge acquisition and satisfaction with medical care in the experimental group is higher than the control group (all P<0.05). The average hospitalization days was lower in the experimental group compared to the control group. The difference was statistically significant (t=13.78,P<0.001). Conclusions Continuous quality improvement model can decrease the duration of hospitalization and increase the degree of satisfaction and quality of life of leukemia patients. Therefore, continuous quality improvement model should be widely applied in medical care of leukemia patients.