Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance and related factors in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Harbin. Methods AIDS patients receiving treatment in Harbin in 2015 were chosen for a retrospective study and blood sample collection. The mutation of HIV drug resistance was determined through sequencing pol gene of HIV-1. Results A total of 269 subjects were included in the analysis.The total drug resistance rate was 26.8%.Resistant rate to NRTIs and NNRTIs was higher than that to PIs(χ²=13.430,P<0.001).The single factor analysis found that the influence of initial treatment and treatment time on drug resistance was statistically significant (all P<0.05).There was no statistical significance on the influence of sex,age,transmission route,CD4⁺T lymphocyte count on drug resistance (all P>0.05).As shown by Logistic regression analysis,the relationship of drug resistance with treatment time,the level of CD4 cells and initial treatment had statistical significance. Conclusions The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy was high in Harbin.It is suggested that the patients who were with long treatment regimes should be intensified, so as to reduce the occurrence of drug resistance and the death of AIDS.