Abstract: Objective To analyze the survival rates of AIDS cases receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and related factors. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the related factors among 7 255 HIV/AIDS patients who had been treated with HAART in Liaoning province from 2003 to 2015. The life table method was used for survival rate analysis, and Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify the factors associated with survival time. Results Among 7 225 HIV/AIDS patients, the 1, 3, 5 and 6-12 year actuarial survival rates were 97%, 95%, 93% and 92% respectively after HAART. There were 269 cases of HIV/AIDS related death after HAART, and the total case fatality ratio was 1.99/100. As to mortality risk, the group aged from 30 to 59 years(HR=0.330,95%CI:0.203-0.538) and older than 59 years (HR=0.569,95%CI:0.395-0.820) were lower than the group aged younger than 30 years; the group educated as middle school (HR=0.503,95% CI:0.324-0.780), high school, technical secondary school (HR=0.284,95% CI:0.200-0.405), junior college and much higher(HR=0.254,95% CI:0.169-0.381) were lower than the groups educated as primary school and much lower. Meanwhile the mortality rate was related to the pathway of infection:the rate of the heterosexual transmission group was lower than that of the homosexual transmission group (HR=0.540, 95%CI:0.383-0.763), the rate of the group which the baseline CD4⁺T cell counts ≥200 μl was lower than that of <50 μl (HR=0.316,95% CI:0.201-0.499), and the rate of the group that BMI ≥24.0 kg/m² was also lower than that of <18.5 kg/m² (HR=0.459,95% CI:0.344-0.611). Conclusions The antiretroviral therapy of HIV/AIDS patients in Liaoning province are effective and stable, and have high 5-year survival rate; the early standard treatment is effective measure to reduce the mortality risk and improve the survival rate.