Abstract: Objective To understand the status of high-risk sexual behavior and STD/AIDS infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tongling City, and to provide scientific basis for the intervention of MSM population. Methods MSM were recruited by respondent-driven sampling (RDS), QQ network recruitment and regularly male outreach activities. Questionnaire was employed to collect demographic information and investigate AIDS awareness as well as high-risk sexual behaviors. 5 ml of peripheral blood were collected for detecting HIV antibody and syphilis antibody. Results 101 MSM with an average age of (24.8±6.2) were investigated. The majority of MSM were unmarried, well-educated, employees. The awareness rate of AIDS was 95.0%. The awareness rate of condom usage was higher among subjects with 75.2% of which giving correct answers to all 6 questions. The average age of the first sexual behavior was (19.4±2.8) years old, and 71.3% of subjects had male partner for the first sexual behavior. 88.1% of MSM had homosexual behavior in the past 6 months, among which only 64.0% used condoms consistently, 36.0% of them only used condoms occasionally. Moreover in 62 blood samples, the positive rate of HIV and syphilis was 6.5% and 1.6% respectively. Conclusions The positive rate of HIV is high among MSM in Tongling city. While the rate of condom usage is also low in homosexual behavior. Therefore, instant intervention to MSM population is critical for AIDS prevention.