Abstract: Cervical cancer has caused heavy social and economical burden to our country and worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially the high-risk type, is closely associated with cervical precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. The discovery of HPV vaccine has undoubtedly brought benefits to women with high risk. Several countries have already conducted the HPV vaccine immunization programs. While limited information on the epidemiology of HPV infection in China is available, although the bivalent vaccine has just been approved in our country. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the epidemiological status of HPV infection among women in China and provide instruction for the development and application of HPV vaccine, also contribute to the prevention of cervical cancer.