Abstract: Objective To evaluate the knowledge and risk factors for child sexual abuse (CSA) among school aged children in rural area and to provide basic information for CSA prevention education in school. Methods 1 252 school-aged children were recruited from 4 schools by random cluster sampling, and non-condition Logistic regression was executed to analyze the knowledge and risk factors for CSA. Results Three factors related to CSA had the lowest rate of correct knowledge among school-aged children:children who were secually assaulted are right in the event (54.6%), children can be sexual assaulted by people with the same sex (54.2%), women can sexually abuse children (51.3%). Multivariate analysis results indicated that male, non-single child, non-resident, junior high school educational level and below, the low score of adaptability, aged 10 to 12 and aged 13 to 16 were risk factors (all P<0.05). Conclusions The school-aged children in rural area lack basic CSA prevention knowledge. It is necessary to promote CSA prevention education in school children, more attention should be paid to the left-behind children in rural area.