Abstract: Objective To understand the smoking prevalence and smoking cessation among adults in Anhui and provide reference for tobacco prevention and control measures. Methods Data from the China non-communicable and chronic disease risk factor surveillance in Anhui in 2013-2014 was used and the analytical method accounted for the complex sampling design. Results A total of 7 182 subjects aged ≥ 18 years were included in the study. The prevalence of current smoking was 26.2% (95% CI:23.9%-28.4%), which was much higher among men 51.2% (95% CI:45.5%-56.8%) than in women 1.4% (95% CI:0.5%-2.4%). For male, the current smoking rate was decreased along with higher education level (P<0.001). The prevalence of daily smoking was 23.7% (95% CI:21.4%-26.0%), with a significantly higher ratio among men (46.5%, 95% CI:41.7%-51.3%) than in women (1.2%, 95% CI:0.5%-1.9%). The current smokers smoked an average of 17.1 (95% CI:16.5-17.6) cigarettes per day; men and women was 17.2 (95% CI:16.7-17.8) and 10.5 (95% CI:9.4-11.7) per day, respectively. The daily consumed cigarettes number increased with the age (P=0.048), while decreased with the increase of education level (P=0.003). The prevalence of people who exposed to secondhand smoking was 57.6% (95% CI:51.2%-64.0%). Among male current smokers, the prevalence on intending to quit smoking, quitting smoking, and quitting smoking successfully was 37.6% (95% CI:25.0%-50.2%), 13.8% (95% CI:7.5%-20.1%) and 9.1% (95% CI:5.1%-13.0%), respectively. Conclusions The estimated prevalence of smoking and exposed to secondhand smoking among adults from Anhui Province were high. The prevalence of smoking was very high among men, meanwhile few male current smokers intended to quit smoking and the prevalence of quitting smoking and quitting smoking successfully were low.