Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity in Uygur residents and to provide a scientific basis for preventing obesity. Methods A total of 515 Uygur residents were included. Factor analysis method was used to study the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity. Results Four dietary patterns were identified:grains pattern (food grains other than wheat and rice, vegetables, fruits, meat, poultry,etc); nut pattern(beans and nut, milk and milk products, eggs, meat, fats and oils,etc); staple pattern (rice,wheat, eggs,tea,salt,etc); high-fat pattern (fats and oils, tea, salt, meat, eggs,etc). The prevalence of obesity for the staple and high-fat pattern's highest tertile was higher than the lowest (all P<0.001),and the prevalence of obesity for the grains pattern's highest tertile was lower than the lowest.(χ²=32.48,P <0.001); After adjustment for relevant confounders the results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the staple pattern could increase the risk of obesity(OR=2.49,95% CI:2.25-2.73,P=0.025), the high-fat pattern could increase the risk of obesity(OR=3.06,95% CI:2.79-3.34,P=0.017), and the grains pattern could reduce the risk of obesity(OR=0.62,95% CI:0.28-0.96,P=0.042). Conclusions The grains pattern is inversely associated with obesity risk; staple and high-fat pattern are positively associated with obesity risk. In order to prevent obesity, people should reduce fat and meat intake and choose grains dietary patterns that rich in dietary fiber.