Abstract: Objective To explore the related factors for osteoporosis(OP) among elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM). Methods A total of 288 elderly male patients with T2DM were divided into 3 groups according to the diagnosis standards of OP:normal group(n=72), ostepenia group(n=118)and osteoporosis group(n=98). Body height, weight were measured and body mass index(BMI) was calculated.Fasting blood glucose(FBG), glycosylated hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), parathyroid hormone(PTH), serum calcium(Ca), serum phosphonium(P), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25-OH-VD) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR) were detected. Diabetic course, diabetes specific therapy and diabetic chronic complications were recorded. Results Compared with normal group, ostepenia and osteoporosis groups had longer diabetic course, higher HbA1c levels, and lower BMI (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that bone mineral density(BMD) value of femoral neck, Ward's triangle region, greater trochanter and lumbar spine L2-4 were positively correlated with BMI(all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with HbA1c(all P<0.05). The incidences of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy were higher in osteoporosis group than in normal and ostepenia groups (all P<0.05),and the incidence of diabetic neuropathy was higher in osteoporosis group than in normal group (χ²=6.168, P=0.013). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, HbA1c and diabetic nephropathy were correlated with diabetetic osteoporosis(all P<0.05). Conclusions Low BMI, poor blood glucose control and diabetic nephropathy were the risk factors for OP in elderly male patients with T2DM.