Abstract: Objective To understand the Human Papillomavirus(HPV) infection status among different sex role of men who have sex with men(MSM) and to analyze relevant risk factors. Methods A total of 704 MSM were recruited by using the"snowballing"sampling method from March 2016 to April 2017 in Urumqi. Data on the demographic and sexual behavioral characteristics of MSM were collected by questionnaires. The cells in anal canal were collected and the 37-type HPV test kits were used for identification and classification. Results The previous anal HPV infection rate of MSM was 50.4%, of which the overall and low-risk HPV infection rate in "0" sex role group and "1" sex role group was different, namely, 54.6%,18.8% and 45.6%, 11.9% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that sometimes using condoms when having anal sex and homosexual commercial sex in nearly six months was the risk factor for HPV infection in "0" sex role group(all P<0.05), while having homosexual commercial sex in nearly six months was the risk factor for HPV infection in "1" sex role group(OR=3.04,95% CI:1.21-7.62, P=0.018). Conclusions The anal HPV infection rate between "0" sex role group and "1" sex role group was different. In view of risk factors, MSM should urge sexual partners adhere to using condoms and avoid commercial sex.