Abstract: Objective To describe the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, explore its risk factors in adults of Liaoning Province, and provide scientific evidence for the intervention of diabetes mellitus. Methods Using a multistage stratified and cluster random sampling method,17 857 adults were investigated with a standard questionnaire and physical examination. The Logistic regression was applied to explore the influencing factors of diabetes mellitus prevalence. Results In the province of Liaoning, diabetes mellitus prevalence was 13.00%, with the rate of awareness, treatment and control being 61.84%, 71.31% and 35.16%, respectively. The risk factors of diabetes mellitus prevalence were age(45-years old subgroup:OR=1.824, 95% CI:1.526-2.181, ≥ 60 years old subgroup:OR=2.077,95% CI:1.730-2.492), body mass index (BMI) classification(over weight:OR=1.213,95% CI:1.096-1.343; obesity:OR=1.547, 95%CI:1.338-1.787), dyslipidemia(OR=2.686,95% CI:2.308-3.126) and hypertension(OR=1.807, 95% CI:1.630-2.004). The protective factors of diabetes mellitus were rural residents(OR=0.866, 95% CI:0.788-0.952),high level of education(senior middle school:OR=0.859,95% CI:0.756-0.975; college education or above:OR=0.678,95% CI:0.576-0.798),middle income level(OR=0.738, 95% CI:0.585-0.931) and drinking(OR=0.779,95% CI=0.682-0.890). Conclusions The prevalence and awareness rate of diabetes mellitus are high in adults,but the rates of treatment and control are low. According to the situation, effective measures should be taken to actively intervene in population at high risk for diabetes mellitus.