Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics and risk factor of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on monitoring point in Ningxia. Methods The multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this study. The residents ≥ 40 years old were selected from 18 villages of three monitoring districts in Ningxia. Interview survey, body measurement and pulmonary function were examined and the risk factors were screened by logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 154 cases of COPD were screened in this study. The overall morbidity of COPD was 8.56%. Prevalence rate in male (12.53%) was higher than that in female (3.87%)(χ²=42.76,P<0.001). The prevalence of COPD was 5.07%, 6.69%, 5.04% and 17.35% in 40-, 50-, 60-and ≥ 70 years old group respectively. With aging, the prevalence of COPD was increasing (χ_trend²=40.63, P<0.001). The main risk factors for COPD were men (OR=2.832, 95% CI:1.443-5.559),age (OR=4.887,95% CI:2.058-11.608),district (OR=2.510,95% CI:1.222-5.156),smoke (OR=2.261,95% CI:1.370-3.733), history of harmful gas exposure(OR=2.006,95% CI:1.096-3.670) and wood or furniture processing and decorating(OR=2.660,95% CI:1.271-5.566). Conclusions High risk for COPD in Ningxia monitoring point was related with gender, age, district, smoking, history of harmful gas exposure,wood or furniture processing and decorating.