Abstract: Objective To identify the risk factors of nicotine dependence by conducting an epidemiological investigation in smokers beyond 15 years in Beijing. Methods A household questionnaire survey was carried out on whom were selected by multi-stage stratified and proportional random sampling method. Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable unconditional Logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the influencing factors of moderate and severe nicotine dependence, compared with mild dependence. Results A total of 1 280 smokers were recruited, in which 1 176 smokers were males (91.9%).The smokers with mild, moderate and severe nicotine dependence accounted for 53.5%, 33.3% and 13.2% respectively. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the mild nicotine dependence, older(OR=3.643,95% CI:1.467-9.045),often smoking in indoor workplaces(OR=2.539,95% CI:1.553-4.149),in indoor public places(OR=2.621,95% CI:1.581-4.346)and at home smokers(OR=3.304,95% CI:1.782-6.126)had higher risk to become severe nicotine dependence. While higher education level (OR=0.172,95% CI:0.062-0.480),occupation(OR=0.314,95% CI:0.138-0.714), fewere alcohol consumption (OR=0.567,95% CI:0.434-0.742)and fewer everyday smoking number(OR=0.056,95% CI:0.034-0.093)were protective factors. Conclusions From the perspective of demographic information and factors affecting nicotine dependence, strengthen public care and tobacco control policy supervision on public place and that family members' discourage against smoking within the family at the same time. Encourage people start with less smoking and alcohol.