Abstract: Objective To examine smoking prevalence and impacts of family socioeconomic status on the secondary vocational school student's smoking behavior in Hunan, and provide scientific references for prevention and reduction of secondary vocational school student's smoking behavior. Methods A total of 1 086 students were recruited from two secondary vocational schools in Loudi and Changde in Hunan Province with the questionnaire of family socioeconomic status and the questionnaire of middle school students smoking behavior. Results The students smoking rate were 32.1%, of which there were 23.8% students smoked more than 6 cigarettes a day. There were significant differences in parents' occupation, subjective family social status and subjective school social status between students smoking and non-smoking (all P<0.05). The results of regression analysis showed that family monthly income (OR=1.129,95% CI:1.024-1.245, P=0.015) and the subjective school social status (OR=0.895, 95% CI:0.820-0.976, P=0.012) can predict the secondary vocational school students smoke or not. Family monthly income (OR=1.062,95% CI:1.010-1.122, P=0.047), parents' occupation (OR=0.951,95% CI:0.908-0.996, P=0.034), and the subjective school social status (OR=0.932,95% CI:0.890-0.984, P=0.010) were predictors of the smoking amount among the students. Conclusions It is serious of secondary vocational school students smoking in Hunan province. Higher family monthly income and lower subjective family socioeconomic status of secondary vocational school students are more likely to be a smoker.