Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of health management interventions on chronic diseases in the elderly and provide policy recommendations for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the elderly. Methods The elderly over 60 years old who received the physical examination in a community hospital in Nanjing were recruited. A total of 654 patients with hypertension or diabetes were selected. The patients were randomly divided into control group and management group. Health management interventions were conducted for 18 months in the management group, while the control group was under regular management without any interventions. Health status and the quality of life before and after the interventions were compared. Results The 18-month health management interventions were beneficial to the control of blood pressure and blood glucose in patients with chronic disease. Compared with the control group, the management group had an average decrease of (5.56±1.66) mmHg in systolic pressure control,(2.94±1.24) mmHg in diastolic pressure and (0.70±0.12) mmol/L in blood glucose,which were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). As for the quality of life, compared with the control group, the management group had an average increase of (0.81±0.06) points in the physical function scores, by (0.75±0.07) points in the psychological function scores, by (0.81±0.09) points in the social function scores, by (2.07±0.10) points in the diabetes-specific module and by (0.95±0.04) points in the quality of life scores. However, the score of the hypertension-specific module decreased by (0.67±1.12) points. The differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The multilevel model showed that the quality of life of the management group increased by 0.03 points per month, and the quality of life of the control group decreased by 0.04 points per month in the management period. The quality of life of the elderly patients with chronic diseases has improved over time. Conclusions The implementation of health management is conducive to the control of blood pressure and blood sugar and has a positive effect on the quality of life in the elderly with chronic diseases.