Abstract: Objective To investigate the pathogenic features and change rules of dominant pathogens of febrile respiratory syndrome in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2015, so as to provide the basis for targeted prevention and control. Methods Data was analyzed using observational epidemiology to detect pathogenic infection mode and seasonal change rules of main pathogens of febrile respiratory syndrome. Results Detection-positive rate increased year by year.In gene-ral,the positive rate of cases over 40 years old was higher than that of young people.Viruses with top two positive rates were influenza and rhinovirus, while streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae were the most frequently detected bacteria. The four pathogens were listed steadily in every year. The mixed infection was mainly caused by bacteria combined with virus, and the most common was streptococcus pneumoniae with other pathogens. The monthly distribution features of the four main pathogens above were explored in each year from 2010 to 2015. Influenza was found mainly from November to next February, while also occurred on May, August and September with high incidence. Rhinovirus occurred intensively from August to October, but were also discovered on May and July in 2011 with epidemic peak. Haemophilus influenzae distributed from August to October mostly, whereas streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly revealed in February, August, October and November, while showing high rate in April and May in 2015. Conclusions Different pathogens of febrile respiratory syndrome have their respective seasonal characteristics in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2015. Obvious seasonality patterns of influenza and rhinovirus were observed, but not evident in streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae.