Abstract: Food contamination is vital risk factor influencing food safety and population health. "Toxicity Testing in 21st Century:A Vision and a Strategy" addressed toxicity in the future should consider population and exposure data and set the strategy for toxicity test based on in vitro assay, human cell lines, high throughput screenings, and toxicity pathway, which are attempt to solve the challenges encountered by traditional toxicity testing in high-cost, time-consuming, resource-intensive, and species differences. This review focuses on the typical heavy metals and organic pollutants, the prominent issues of food contamination in China, which analyzes and summarizes the current status on toxic pathways research, and gives perspective future research in the field.