A study on social support and associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Liangshan
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摘要:
目的 了解凉山州艾滋病病毒（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者/艾滋病（acquired immune deficiency syndrome，AIDS）患者（people living with HIV/AIDS，PLWHA）的社会支持现状进行调查，并探索社会支持的相关影响因素，以期为干预措施制订提供参考。 方法 两阶段抽样法抽取322名研究对象，采用自制一般资料、简体中文版医疗社会支持量表及家庭关怀度指数测评表进行问卷调查。 结果 凉山州PLWHA社会支持总分为46.09（32.49，61.59）分，较其它地区患者水平低。各维度得分高低依次为：实际性支持为56.25（29.69，75.00）分；情感性支持为50.00（33.33，75.00）分；社会互动性合作为46.88（31.25，56.25）分；讯息与情绪性支持为43.75（25.00，56.25）分。多重线性逐步回归分析，结果显示年龄越大的PLWHA的社会支持水平越低（β=-1.997，P=0.037）；独居患者比非独居患者社会支持水平低（β=8.127，P=0.008）；家庭功能满意度越高的患者社会支持水平越高（β=13.809，P<0.001）。 结论 凉山州PLWHA的社会支持现状较差，亟待改善。同时需要加强对老人和独居者等特殊人群关怀，且医务人员应帮助患者建立全面的家庭支持系统。 Abstract:Objective To assess the social support of PLWHA in Liangshan and explore the associated factors. Methods A total of PLWHA 322 was selected by two-stage sampling. The questionnaire consisted of basic characteristics, simplified Chinese medical outcomes study social support survey and family concern index questionnaire. Results The social support score of PLWHA was 46.09(32.49, 61.59) in Liangshan, which was lower than other regions of China. Scores of four dimensions were listed as follows: tangible support 56.25(29.69, 75.00), affectionate support 50.00(33.33, 75.00), positive social interaction 46.88(31.25, 56.25), informational and emotional support 43.75(25.00, 56.25). Multiple stepwise regression analysis suggested that the older PLWHA had lower sores of the social support(β=-1.997, P=0.037); PLWHA who were living alone got lower sores of the social support(β=8.127, P=0.008); PLWHA who were more satisfied with family function was associated with higher scores of social support(β=13.809, P<0.001). Conclusions The status of social support among PLWHA was poor in Liangshan, which needed urgent improvement. Meanwhile, PLWHA who were older and living alone needed special attention. Health care workers should help PLWHA build a comprehensive family support system. -
Key words:
- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome /
- Social support /
- Liangshan
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表 1 医疗社会支持得分影响因素的单因素分析
Table 1. Univariate analysis of the influencing factors on MOS-SSS-C
变量 调整人数[n(%)] MOS-SSS-C得分[M(P25, P75)] Z/χ2值 P值 性别 -1.089 0.276 男 198(61.49) 47.00(34.44，63.28) 女 124(38.51) 43.75(31.32，58.20) 年龄(岁) 8.308 0.040 18~ 51(15.84) 50.52(41.67，71.35) 31~ 147(45.65) 44.27(31.51，58.07) 41~ 84(26.09) 46.61(31.18，62.96) 51~75 40(12.42) 47.27(28.65，63.28) 民族 -2.427 0.015 汉族 76(23.60) 50.13(40.69，63.74) 彝族 246(76.40) 44.66(31.51，58.66) 文化程度 21.269 <0.001 文盲 168(52.17) 43.75(31.05，51.76) 小学 64(19.88) 45.31(29.43，63.16) 初中 57(17.70) 50.26(39.45，70.70) 高中/中专 15(4.65) 48.70(32.81，63.28) 大专及以上 18(5.60) 65.36(45.83，83.59) 婚姻状况 7.759 0.051 未婚 36(11.18) 50.39(33.53，73.50) 同居/已婚 215(66.77) 46.88(36.38，62.50) 分居/离异 33(10.25) 41.67(25.65，54.82) 丧偶 38(11.80) 38.80(22.79，50.20) 是否独居 -3.406 0.001 是 28(8.70) 36.33(22.38，47.40) 否 294(91.30) 46.88(33.85，63.28) 宗教信仰 11.589 0.003 毕摩 207(64.28) 43.75(30.99，55.47) 非毕摩 27(8.39) 48.44(42.97，57.03) 无 88(27.33) 50.78(39.65，69.53) 居住地 -2.474 0.013 城市/城镇 52(16.15) 50.39(42.66，64.84) 农村 270(83.85) 45.31(31.45，58.98) 职业 1.887 0.389 无业 23(7.14) 46.88(40.63，63.02) 农民 243(75.47) 45.83(31.25，59.90) 其他职业 56(17.39) 49.34(39.32，62.96) 家庭人均月收入(元) 10.026 0.007 ＜500 250(77.64) 45.31(31.71，59.70) 500 ~ 26(8.07) 44.53(29.53，52.73) ≥1 000 46(14.29) 52.21(42.87，65.23) 感染途径 0.060 0.971 性接触传播 143(44.41) 45.83(31.51，63.02) 血液/血制品传播 118(36.65) 47.00(32.49，61.78) 不清楚 61(18.94) 46.09(35.03，59.38) 是否告知他人疾病情况 -0.060 0.952 是 273(84.78) 46.61(33.85，59.90) 否 49(15.22) 44.53(29.43，67.71) 是否有临床症状 -2.378 0.017 是 234(72.67) 44.79(32.23，55.66) 否 88(27.33) 51.56(38.08，70.31) 家庭功能 124.345 <0.001 重度障碍 143(44.41) 37.76(22.66，45.83) 中度障碍 81(25.16) 47.92(39.32，57.03) 良好 98(30.43) 66.67(52.02，79.82) 
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表 2 社会支持得分的多重线性逐步回归分析
Table 2. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis of MOS-SSS-C
变量 β sx β′ t值 P值 年龄(岁) -1.997 0.952 -0.090 -2.097 0.037 是否独居 是 Ref 否 8.127 3.034 0.116 2.678 0.008 居住地 城市/城镇 Ref 农村 -4.446 2.327 -0.083 -1.911 0.057 家庭功能 13.809 1.006 0.599 13.731 <0.001 注：Ref为自变量分类参照组；β为偏回归系数；β′为标准化偏回归系数。
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