Association between obesity and blood pressure in preschool children in urban areas
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摘要:
目的 调查青岛市城区学龄前儿童血压现状，明确学龄前儿童肥胖与血压的关系。 方法 采用整群方便抽样，抽取青岛市城区13家中等规模幼儿园，测量大、中、小班儿童身高、体重、腰围、臀围和血压，评价体质指数（body mass index，BMI）、腰臀比、腰围身高比，分析儿童肥胖与血压间的关系。 结果 青岛市城区学龄前儿童收缩压（systoblic blood pressure，SBP）和舒张压（diastolic blood pressure，DBP）均值分别为（95.52±7.66）mmHg和（62.78±6.52）mmHg；调查儿童中高血压检出率为13.50%；儿童SBP和DBP与BMI、腰围、臀围和腰围身高比均呈正相关；BMI和年龄与血压存在线性回归关系；超重组和肥胖组儿童高血压患病风险分别为正常体重组的5.191和2.824倍。 结论 青岛市城区学龄前儿童高血压发病率较高，超重和肥胖是其血压升高的危险因素，因此在防控学龄前儿童肥胖的同时，学龄前儿童血压监测与高血压早期干预应尽快提上工作日程。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the blood pressure status of preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao, and to determine the relationship between obesity and blood pressure in preschool children. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 13 kindergartens in urban districts of Qingdao. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure of children in three classes were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio were calculated and the relationship between obesity and blood pressure was analyzed. Results The mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in preschool children in urban areas of Qingdao were (95.52±7.66) and (62.78±6.52) mmHg, respectively.The detection rate of hypertension in preschool children was 13.50%. The SBP and DBP were positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio. There was a linear regression relationship between body mass index and age and blood pressure. The risk of hypertension in overweight and obese children was 5.191 and 2.824 times of normal body weight, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension in preschool children in Qingdao urban areas is high.Overweight and obesity are risk factors for elevated blood pressure.Therefore, while preventing preschool children from obesity, preschool children's blood pressure monitoring and blood pressure monitoring and early intervention of hypertension of preschool children should be implemented. -
Key words:
- Hypertension /
- Obesity /
- Waist circumference /
- Waist-to-height ratio /
- Child
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表 1 儿童BMI、腰围等与SBP和DBP偏相关系数
Table 1. Partial correlation coefficient between children's BMI, waist circumference and SBP and DBP
肥胖指标 收缩压(SBP) 舒张压(DBP) 偏相关系数 P值 偏相关系数 P值 BMI 0.310 <0.001 0.306 <0.001 腰围 0.304 <0.001 0.294 <0.001 臀围 0.348 <0.001 0.324 <0.001 WHR 0.019 0.516 0.037 0.198 WHtR 0.179 <0.001 0.200 <0.001 
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表 2 不同体重水平儿童血压状况比较
Table 2. Comparison of blood pressure status in children with different body weight levels
分类 肥胖 超重 正常体重 血压水平 收缩压(SBP) 100.47±6.69 99.54±7.32 94.52±7.28 舒张压(DBP) 67.23±5.70 65.56±5.93 61.91±6.15 高血压检出情况[n(%)] 正常血压 53(46.09) 114(58.46) 720(78.17) 高血压前期 22(19.13) 35(17.95) 114(12.38) 高血压 40(34.78) 46(23.59) 87(9.45)
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表 3 儿童BMI、年龄、性别与血压多元线性回归分析结果
Table 3. Results of multiple linear regression analysis of BMI, age, gender and blood pressure in children
血压 变量 回归系数 回归系数的95% CI t值 P值 收缩压(SBP) BMI 1.329 (1.101~1.556) 11.439 <0.001 年龄 1.380 (0.928~1.832) 5.992 <0.001 性别 -1.018 (-1.814~-0.222) -2.508 0.012 舒张压(DBP) BMI 1.098 (0.907~1.289) 11.276 <0.001 年龄 1.348 (0.969~1.727) 6.981 <0.001 性别 0.448 (-0.219~1.115) 1.317 0.188
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表 4 体重水平、性别、年龄与高血压检出情况的Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of body weight, gender, age and detection of hypertension
变量 β sx Wald值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 性别 -0.417 0.132 9.989 0.002 0.659(0.509~0.854) 年龄 -0.119 0.073 2.611 0.106 0.888(0.769~1.025) 超重 1.647 0.199 68.572 <0.001 5.191(3.515~7.668) 肥胖 1.038 0.163 40.432 <0.001 2.824(2.050~3.888)
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