苏州市0~14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征分析

戴宁彬; 王菁; 龚甜; 黄桥梁

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.03.011

苏州市0~14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.03.011

戴宁彬¹,
王菁²,
龚甜²,
黄桥梁^1, ,

1.
215004 苏州, 苏州市疾病预防控制中心慢性病防制科
2.
215004 苏州, 苏州市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心

基金项目:

苏州市"科教兴卫"青年科技项目 KJXW2016047

江苏省卫生计生委预防医学科研课题 Y2015022

苏州市民生科技（科技示范工程）项目 SS201807

苏州市医学重点学科流行病学（慢性病防治） Szxk201816

苏苏州市重大疾病、传染病预防和控制关键技术项目 Gwzx201802

详细信息

通讯作者:
黄桥梁, E-mail: rs10suzhou@163.com

中图分类号: R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-30
- 修回日期: 2018-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-03-10

Analysis of injury epidemiological characteristics in children aged 0-14 years in Suzhou

1.
Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Department, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou 215004, China
2.
Suzhou Maternal and Child Health Family Planning Service Center, Suzhou 215004, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解苏州市0~14岁儿童伤害流行病学特征，为家长和学校提供针对性教育和预防指导提供依据。方法以苏州市姑苏区和吴江区为代表，采用复杂抽样方法选择4 989名0~14岁儿童，由其主要照料人填写伤害发生情况问卷，分析描述伤害发生次数、时间和地点等三间分布情况。结果在过去12个月中，儿童伤害总体发生率为7.7%，95%置信区间（confidence interval，CI）为6.9%~8.4%，随年龄增长呈下降趋势（χ²=5.06，P=0.025），随月份变化呈增长趋势（χ²=28.51，P<0.001）。所有儿童伤害中，跌落伤（65.5%）、头面部伤害（45.3%）、家庭伤害（59.5%）最多，休闲玩耍（32.2%）时最容易发生伤害。81.3%的儿童伤害程度轻，45.4%的伤害由医务室处理，9.7%伤害恢复后仍影响美观。低年龄儿童易在休闲玩耍时发生头部的跌落伤或烧烫伤，其中女童易在家庭发生伤害；高年龄儿童易在体育运动和家务时发生下肢伤害，其中男童在学校更容易发生伤害。结论不同年龄别性别儿童的伤害流行病学特征不同，应就各自特点采取针对性的预防措施。
- 伤害 /
- 儿童 /
- 流行现状
Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiologic features of injuries in children aged 0-14 years in Suzhou, so as to provide targeted education and prevention guidance for parents and schools. Methods Complex sampling was used to choose 4 989 children aged 0-14 years in Gusu and Wujiang districts in Suzhou. The primary caregivers filled out an injury occurrence questionnaire to analyze the distributions of injury numbers, occurrence time and locations. Results In the past 12 months, the overall incidence of children injuries was 7.7%, with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 6.9%-8.4%. The incidence tended to decrease with age (χ²=5.06, P=0.025), however, increase with monthly increase (χ²=28.51, P<00.001).Of all types of children injuries, the incidence of fall was highest (65.5%). Head and face injuries were the most common (45.3%). Most of injuries occurred at home (59.5%) and during leisure play (32.2%). 81.3% of the injuries were slight, and 45.4% of the injuries were dealt with infirmaries. 9.7% of the injured children recovered with aesthetics impact. Young children were more likely to experience head fall or burn injuries during leisure play. Young girls were more likely to experience injuries at home. However, older children were more likely to have lower limb injuries during sports and housework. Older boys were more likely to be harmed at school. Conclusions Different age and gender children had different injury epidemiological characteristics. Specific preventive measures should be taken according to their characteristics.
- Injury /
- Children /
- Epidemiology

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表 1 研究对象过去12个月伤害发生情况[n(%)]

Table 1. The incidence of injury in the study subjects over the past 12 months[n(%)]

影响因素	0次(n=4 607)	1次(n=338)	2次(n=28)	≥3次(n=16)	合计(n=4 989)	χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)						9.46	0.149
0~	1 573(91.2)	129(7.5)	14(0.8)	8(0.5)	1 724(100)
5~	1 831(92.6)	134(6.8)	9(0.5)	3(0.2)	1 977(100)
10~14	1 203(93.4)	75(5.8)	5(0.4)	5(0.4)	1 288(100)
性别						4.15	0.246
男	2 375(91.7)	189(7.3)	18(0.7)	8(0.3)	2 590(100)
女	2 232(93.0)	149(6.2)	10(0.4)	8(0.3)	2 399(100)

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表 2 不同地点儿童伤害发生情况[n(%)]

Table 2. The incidence of child injury in different places[n(%)]

影响因素	家庭	校内	校外	χ²值	P值
性别				6.36	0.042
男	137(55.0)	56(22.5)	56(22.5)
女	127(65.1)	27(13.8)	41(21.0)
年龄(岁)				101.50	<0.001
0~	153(83.6)	7(3.8)	23(12.6)
5~	75(46.6)	33(20.5)	53(32.9)
10~14	36(36.0)	43(43.0)	21(21.0)
合计	264(59.5)	83(18.7)	97(21.8)

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表 3 儿童伤害种类分布情况[n(%)]

Table 3. The distribution of child injury types[n(%)]

影响因素	跌落伤	交通事故	烧烫伤	器具伤	动物伤	其它	χ²值	P值
性别							6.51	0.260
男	166(66.7)	7(2.8)	18(7.2)	31(12.4)	5(2.0)	22(8.8)
女	125(64.1)	4(2.1)	18(9.2)	23(11.8)	12(6.2)	13(6.7)
年龄(岁)							44.61	<0.001
0~	140(76.5)	0(0.0)	19(10.4)	12(6.6)	4(2.2)	8(4.4)
5~	101(62.7)	6(3.7)	11(6.8)	26(16.1)	3(1.9)	14(8.7)
10~14	50(50.0)	5(5.0)	6(6.0)	16(16.0)	10(10.0)	13(13.0)
合计	291(65.5)	11(2.5)	36(8.1)	54(12.2)	17(3.8)	35(7.9)

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表 4 儿童伤害发生时活动分布情况[n(%)]

Table 4. The activity distribution when child injury happening[n(%)]

年龄(岁)	上下楼	行走	乘坐交通工具	休闲玩耍	体育运动	饮食	家务	其它	χ²值	P值
0~	19(10.4)	40(21.9)	3(1.6)	65(35.5)	3(1.6)	10(5.5)	1(0.5)	42(23.0)
5~	17(10.6)	36(22.4)	9(5.6)	54(33.5)	14(8.7)	4(2.5)	2(1.2)	25(15.5)
10~14	13(13.0)	14(14.0)	5(5.0)	24(24.0)	18(18.0)	1(1.0)	6(6.0)	19(19.0)
合计	49(11.0)	90(20.3)	17(3.8)	143(32.2)	35(7.9)	15(3.4)	9(2.0)	86(19.4)	49.01	<0.001

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表 5 儿童伤害部位和程度分布情况[n(%)]

Table 5. The distribution of location and degree of child injury[n(%)]

年龄(岁)	伤害部位					伤害程度
年龄(岁)	头面部	躯干	上肢	下肢	其它	轻	中	重
0~	105(61.8)	4(2.4)	42(24.7)	15(8.8)	4(2.4)	160(87.4)	21(11.5)	2(1.1)
5~	71(44.4)	4(2.5)	40(25.0)	42(26.3)	3(1.9)	125(77.6)	36(22.4)	0(0.0)
10~14	19(19.0)	5(5.0)	35(35.0)	33(33.0)	8(8.0)	76(76.0)	20(20.0)	4(4.0)
合计	195(45.3)	13(3.0)	117(27.2)	90(20.9)	15(3.5)	361(81.3)	77(17.3)	6(1.4)
χ²值			58.73				14.26
P值			<0.001				<0.001

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