Study on prevalence of and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment among elderly people in communities of Nanning
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摘要:
目的 调查南宁市社区老年人轻度认知障碍患病率及影响因素,为制定轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)早期干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,分别抽取南宁市3个社区60岁及以上的老年人3 000人,使用蒙特利尔量表北京版(the Beijing version of the Montreal cognitive assessment,MOCA-BJ)进行认知功能评估。 结果 检测到833例MCI患者,以南宁市2010年人口年龄构成进行标准化,MCI标准化患病率为27.27%;单因素分析显示,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、睡眠时间、运动时间、阅读次数、参加社区活动次数、家务次数的老年人MCI患病率差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);多因素分析显示:高龄、小学文化程度、职业为农民/农民工和企业人员/工人是MCI的危险因素(均有P<0.05),充足的睡眠时间、适量的运动时间和阅读次数是MCI的保护因素(均有P<0.05)。 结论 南宁市老年人MCI患病率较高,高龄、小学文化程度、职业为农民/农民工和企业人员/工人的老年人可能是MCI的高危人群,应尽早采取有效措施阻止MCI的发生发展。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among elderly people in communities of Nanning, so as to provide scientific basis for the formulation of MCI early intervention measures. Methods A total of sample of 3 000 elderly people aged 60 or above living in Nanning area were sampled out using the method of cluster random sampling from three communities in Nanning. The Beijing version of the montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA-BJ) was administered by face to face interview. Results 833 MCI patients were detected. The standardized prevalence rate of MCI was 27.27% by the age composition of the population in Nanning in 2010. Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences(all P<0.05)in the prevalence of MCI in different groups by age, education, occupation, exercise time, sleep time, number of reading, community activities and housework. Multivariate analysis showed that old age, primary education level, occupation of farmer/migrant worker and enterprise personnel/worker were the risk factors of MCI, adequate sleep time, moderate exercise time and reading times were the protective factors of MCI (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence rate of MCI is high among the elderly in Nanning. The elderly with advanced age, primary school education, occupation as farmer/peasant-worker and enterprise personnel/workerare at high risk of developing MCI. Effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent the occurrence and development of MCI. -
Key words:
- The elderly /
- Mild Cognitive Impairment /
- Prevalence /
- Influencing factors
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表 1 一般人口学对MCI患病率的影响
Table 1. Effect of general demography on MCI prevalence
项目 总人数(N) MCI(n) 患病率(%) χ2值 P值 性别 3.469 0.063 男 1 201 369 30.70 女 1 685 464 27.54 年龄(岁) 59.911 <0.001 60~ 284 50 17.61 65~ 1 356 341 25.15 70~ 644 249 38.66 75~ 343 112 32.65 ≥80 259 81 31.27 文化程度 43.444 <0.001 文盲 163a 33 20.25 小学 861a 217 25.20 初中 815a 362 44.42 高中 500a 158 31.60 大学及以上 300a 63 21.00 职业 14.377 0.026 事业单位/公务员 485 120 24.74 企业人员/工人 935 295 31.55 公司职员 168 53 31.54 个体户 124 30 24.19 自由职业者 137 28 20.44 农民/农民工 909 271 29.81 其他 128 36 42.59 婚姻 2.304 0.129 未婚/离婚/丧偶/其他 506 132 26.09 已婚 2 380 701 29.45 居住情况 9.479 0.050 独居 148 34 22.97 与配偶居住 774 247 31.91 与子女居住 459 116 25.27 与配偶子女居住 1 400 409 29.21 与其他人居住 105 27 25.71 经济状况(元) 7.710 0.173 0 399 98 24.56 1~ 351 102 29.06 1 001~ 596 173 29.03 2 001~ 904 286 31.64 3 001~ 364 99 27.20 ≥4 000 272 75 27.57 与子女关系 2.183 0.535 非常好 699 209 29.90 好 1 639 478 29.16 一般 485 127 26.19 差 63 19 30.16 注:a文化程度总人数为减去MOCA<15分后的人数。 表 2 生活方式对MCI患病率的影响
Table 2. Effect of lifestyle on MCI prevalence
项目 总人数(N) MCI(n) 患病率(%) χ2值 P值 吸烟 1.138 0.768 经常吸烟 263 77 29.28 偶尔吸烟 170 46 27.06 已戒烟 195 62 31.79 从不吸烟 2 258 648 28.70 喝酒 4.503 0.212 经常喝酒 202 55 27.23 偶尔喝酒 299 87 29.10 已戒酒 127 47 37.01 从不喝酒 2 258 644 28.52 睡眠时间(h) 8.017 0.005 <6 1 523 474 31.12 ≥6 1 363 359 26.33 运动时间(h/周) 13.064 0.004 0 502 171 34.06 1 1 650 481 29.15 1~ 637 156 24.49 >2 97 25 25.77 阅读次数(次/周) 14.808 0.002 0 1 564 491 31.39 1~ 707 196 27.72 3~ 270 57 21.11 >4 345 89 25.80 参加社区活动次数(次/周) 13.709 0.008 0 776 230 29.64 1~ 1 249 394 31.55 4~ 627 150 23.92 7~ 198 49 24.75 >9 36 10 27.78 家务次数(次/周) 12.037 0.007 0 287 88 30.66 1~ 639 209 32.71 3~ 546 169 30.95 >4 1 414 367 25.95 表 3 MCI相关因素的Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis of MCI related factors
变量 β值 sx P值 OR(95% CI)值 年龄(岁) 60~ 1.000 65~ 0.363 0.179 0.042 1.437(1.013~2.041) 70~ 1.121 0.188 <0.001 3.067(2.12~4.437) 75~ 1.023 0.209 <0.001 2.782(1.846~4.193) ≥80 1.316 0.229 <0.001 3.730(2.382~5.839) 文化程度 大学及以上 1.000 高中 -2.223 0.283 <0.001 0.108(0.062~0.188) 初中 -0.725 0.201 <0.001 0.484(0.326~0.718) 小学 0.638 0.183 <0.001 1.892(1.322~2.708) 文盲 0.35 0.182 0.054 1.419(0.994~2.026) 职业 事业单位\公务员 1.000 企业人员/工人 0.311 0.148 0.036 1.364(1.021~1.824) 公司职员 0.284 0.217 0.191 1.328(0.868~2.031) 个体户 0.064 0.259 0.806 1.066(0.641~1.771) 自由职业者 -0.032 0.261 0.901 0.968(0.581~1.614) 农民/农民工 0.76 0.174 <0.001 2.139(1.520~3.010) 其他 0.453 0.253 0.073 1.574(0.959~2.583) 运动时间(h/周) 0 1.000 1 -0.273 0.123 0.026 0.761(0.598~0.968) 1~ -0.485 0.151 0.001 0.616(0.458~0.827) >2 -0.235 0.276 0.395 0.791(0.460~1.358) 阅读次数(次/周) 0 1.000 1~ -0.254 0.112 0.024 1.553(0.622~0.967) 3~ -0.590 0.173 0.001 0.555(0.395~0.778) >4 -0.445 0.153 0.004 0.641(0.475~0.865) 睡眠时间(h) ≥6 1.000 <6 0.195 0.090 0.030 1.216(1.019~1.451) 社区活动次数(次/周) -0.064 0.050 0.199 0.938(0.851~1.034) 家务次数(次/周) -0.018 0.043 0.668 0.982(0.902~1.068) 常数 -1.409 0.267 <0.001 0.244 -
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