宁夏回汉成年居民吸烟状况调查分析

张银娥; 靳雅男; 马芳; 田园; 王晓莉; 谢帆; 李媛; 赵建华

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.04.019

宁夏回汉成年居民吸烟状况调查分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.04.019

750004 银川, 宁夏疾病预防控制中心慢性病监测科

基金项目:

中央补助地方慢性病及其危险因素监测项目 Indicator of Ningxia department of finance [Society][2013] NO. 1026

详细信息

中图分类号: R181
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-08-27
- 修回日期: 2018-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-10

Prevalence of smoking status in ethnic Hui and Han adult residents in Ningxia

Chronic disease surveillance division, Ningxia Center for Disease Centrol and Prevention, Yinchuan 750004, China

Funds:

Monitoring project of local chronic diseases and their risk factors funded by the central government Indicator of Ningxia department of finance [Society][2013] NO. 1026

摘要

摘要: 目的调查宁夏回汉成年居民吸烟及二手烟暴露状况，为制定烟草控制措施提供依据。方法 2013-2014年在宁夏6个监测点，采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，通过面对面问卷调查收集慢性病相关危险因素信息，共调查18岁以上居民3 540人，用于吸烟状况分析的有效样本量为3 527人。对样本进行复杂加权后，分析不同民族、性别和年龄成年人吸烟及二手烟暴露状况。结果调查对象现在吸烟率为29.42%，男性(56.73%)远高于女性(0.92%)(χ²=1 197.785，P < 0.001)；汉族现在吸烟率(32.04%)高于回族(23.09%)(χ²=15.325，P < 0.001)。现在每日吸烟率汉族(27.98%)高于回族(19.83%)(χ²=11.932，P=0.001)，男性(49.41%)高于女性(0.73%)(χ²=1019.104，P < 0.001)。男性日均吸烟量(20支)高于女性(8支)(Z=-4.448，P < 0.001)。吸烟者戒烟率为12.54%。成年人二手烟暴露率为54.44%(95% CI：52.53%~56.36%)。结论宁夏成年居民吸烟率较高，但戒烟率较低，男性吸烟率高于女性，汉族吸烟率高于回族，人群二手烟暴露率较高，应针对重点人群采取控烟干预措施，降低吸烟率和二手烟暴露率。
- 吸烟 /
- 戒烟 /
- 回族 /
- 流行病学
Abstract: Objective To investigate the adults smoking status of Hui and Han in Ningxia. Methods Among 6 monitoring sites in Ningxia from 2013 to 2014, multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used, information about risk factors of chronic diseases by were collected questionnaire investigation, a total of 3 527 subjects were effective sample for smoking analysis among 3 540 adults aged 18 and over. After the complex weighting, the smoking status of different nationalities, sexes and age was analyzed. Results The current smoking rate was 29.42% (95% CI: 27.91%-30.92%), the current smoking rate of male(56.73%, 95% CI: 54.25%-59.20%) was higher than female (0.92%, 95% CI: 0.50%-1.34%) (P < 0.001); The current smoking rate of Han (32.04%, 95% CI: 30.24%-33.85%) was higher than Hui (23.09%, 95% CI: 20.41%-25.76%). The daily smoking rate of Han (27.98%, 95% CI: 26.25%-29.72%) was higher than that of Hui nationality (19.83%, 95% CI: 17.30%-22.36%) (P=0.001), and that of male (49.41%, 95% CI: 46.92%-51.91%) was higher than that of female (0.73%, 95% CI: 0.36%-1.11%) (P < 0.001). The average daily smoking of male (20) was higher than that of female (8) (Z=-4.448, P < 0.001). Smokers quit smoking rate was 12.54% (95% CI: 10.50%-14.57%). Adult secondhand smoke exposure rate was 54.44% (95% CI: 52.53%-56.36%). Conclusions The smoking rate of adult residents is high in Ningxia province, but the quit smoking rate is low, male smoking rate is higher than female, Han smoking rates higher than the Hui. The sample population was highly exposed to secondhand smoke. Tobacco control interventions should be taken against high-risk groups.
- Smoking /
- Quit smoking /
- Hui ethnic group /
- Epidemiology

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表 1 调查样本人群特征[n(%)]

Table 1. Characteristics of the sample population[n(%)]

人群特征	汉族		回族		合计
人群特征	男性	女性	男性	女性	男性	女性
年龄(岁)
18~	323(9.16%)	529(42.81%)	221(6.27%)	227(6.44%)	544(15.42%)	756(21.43%)
45~	404(11.45%)	594(15.00%)	145(4.11%)	164(4.65%)	549(15.57%)	758(21.49%)
≥60	332(9.41%)	387(16.84%)	120(3.40%)	81(2.30%)	452(12.82%)	468(13.27%)
合计	1 059(30.03%)	1 510(42.81%)	486(13.78%)	472(13.38%)	1 545(43.80%)	1 982(56.20%)

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表 2 样本人群现在吸烟率(%)

Table 2. Smoking rate of the sample population (%)

人群特征	汉族		回族		合计
人群特征	调查人数	现在吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在吸烟率(95% CI)
年龄(岁)	2 569	32.04(30.24~33.85)	958	23.09(20.41~25.76)	3 527	29.42(27.91~30.92)
18~	852	31.56(28.43~34.68)	448	26.32(22.22~30.41)	1 300	29.73(27.24~32.22)
45~	998	34.35(31.40~37.30)	309	15.47(11.41~19.52)	1 307	30.52(28.02~33.02)
≥60	719	30.14(26.77~33.50)	201	7.25(3.63~10.86)	920	26.00(23.16~28.84)
χ²值		4.570		38.000		6.463
P值		0.102		＜0.001		0.04
男性(岁)	1 059	63.79(60.89~66.69)	486	41.62(37.22~46.02)	1 545	56.73(54.25~59.20)
18~	323	64.51(59.26~ 69.75)	221	47.16(40.53~ 53.79)	544	57.91(53.76~ 62.08)
45~	404	65.42(60.77~70.08)	145	29.61(22.09~37.13)	549	58.07(53.93~ 62.21)
≥60	332	58.09(52.75~63.42)	120	12.38(6.40~18.35)	452	48.42(43.80~ 53.05)
χ²值		24.030		54.976		44.058
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
女性(岁)	1 510	1.25(0.69~1.81)	472	-	1 982	0.92(0.50~1.34)
18~	529	0.36(-0.15~0.86)	227	-	756	0.24(-0.11~ 0.60)
45~	594	1.57(0.57~2.57)	164	-	758	1.26(0.46~ 2.05)
≥60	387	4.22(2.21~6.23)	81	-	468	3.58(1.89~ 5.28)
χ²值		12.799		-		15.268
P值		0.002		-		＜0.001

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表 3 样本人群现在每日吸烟率(%)

Table 3. Daily smoking rate of the sample population (%)

人群特征	汉族		回族		合计
人群特征	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)
年龄(岁)	2 569	27.98 (26.25~29.72)	958	19.83 (17.30~22.36)	3 534	25.59(24.15~27.03)
18~	852	26.73 (23.75~29.70)	448	22.76 (18.86~26.65)	1 300	25.34 (22.98~27.71)
45~	998	31.55 (28.66~34.44)	309	12.78 (9.04~16.53)	1 307	27.75 (25.32~30.18)
≥60	719	26.97 (23.72~30.22)	201	5.71 (2.47~8.94)	920	23.13 (20.40~25.86)
χ²值		8.568		34.681		7.594
P值		0.014		＜0.001		0.022
男性(岁)	1 059	55.80 (52.81~58.80)	486	35.74 (31.47~40.02)	1 545	49.41 (46.92~51.91)
18~	323	54.78 (49.33~60.24)	221	40.78 (34.25~47.31)	544	49.46 (45.25~53.68)
45~	404	59.98 (55.18~64.77)	145	24.47 (17.40~31.55)	549	52.68 (48.49~56.87)
≥60	332	52.45 (47.05~57.85)	120	9.75 (4.36~15.13)	452	43.42 (38.83~48.01)
χ²值		22.478		51.547		37.578
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
女性(岁)	1 510	1.00 (0.50~1.50)	472	0	1982	0.73 (0.36~1.11)
18~	529	0.16 (-0.18~0.50)	227	0	756	0.11 (-0.13~0.34)
45~	594	1.57 (0.57~2.57)	164	0	758	1.26 (0.46~2.05)
≥60	387	3.35 (1.55~5.15)	81	0	468	2.85(1.33~4.36)
χ²值		10.081		-		12.017
P值		0.006		-		0.002

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表 4 样本人群现在吸烟者日均吸烟量(支/d)

Table 4. Average daily smoking amount of current smokers (支/d)

年龄	汉族	回族	合计	Z值	P值
合计(岁)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	12.00(8.00, 20.00)	-1.820^a	0.069
18~	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	12.00(8.00, 20.00)
45~	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(6.00, 20.00)
≥60~	10.00(7.00, 20.00)	10.00(8.00, 20.00)	10.00(3.00, 20.00)	16.930^b	＜0.001
男性(岁)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	12.00(8.00, 20.00)	-4.448^c	＜0.001
18~	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	10.00(8.00, 20.00)
45~	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(10.00, 20.00)	20.00(6.00, 20.00)
≥60~	12.00(7.00, 20.00)	13.00(8.00, 20.00)	10.00(3.00, 20.00)
女性(岁)	8.00(3.00, 10.00)	8.00(3.00, 10.00)	-
18~	10.00(10.00, 10.00)	10.00(10.00, 10.00)	-
45~	3.00(2.00, 5.00)	3.00(2.00, 5.00)	-
≥60~	10.00(6.00, 20.00)	10.00(6.00, 20.00)	-
注：^a表示汉族和回族间比较；^b表示三个年龄组间比较；^c表示男女性别间比较

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表 5 吸烟者戒烟状况

Table 5. Smoking cessation status of smokers

人群特征	合计		汉族		回族
人群特征	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)	调查人数	现在每日吸烟率(95% CI)
年龄(岁)	1 019	12.54 (10.50~14.57)	787	12.61 (10.28~14.93)	232	12.30 (8.04~16.56)
18~	347	8.39 (5.46~11.32)	223	9.32(5.47~13.16)	124	6.24 (1.92~10.56)
45~	381	15.58 (11.92~19.24)	314	13.53(9.72~17.33)	67	30.08 (18.81~41.35)
≥60	291	25.93 (20.86~30.99)	250	22.50 (17.28~27.71)	41	59.64 (43.96~75.32)
χ²值		71.521		39.801		55.905
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
男性(岁)	992	12.63 (10.56~14.70)	760	12.73 (10.360~15.11)	232	12.30 (8.04~16.56)
18~	345	8.42 (5.48~11.37)	221	9.36 (5.49~13.24)	124	6.24 (1.92~10.56)
45~	372	15.85 (12.19~19.57)	305	13.79 (9.90~17.68)	67	30.08 (18.81~41.35)
≥60	275	26.86 (21.59~32.13)	234	23.30(17.85~28.76)	41	59.64 (43.96~75.32)
χ²值		73.306		40.213		55.905
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
女性(岁)	27	5.78 (-3.63~15.20)	27	5.78 (-3.63~15.20)	0	-
18~	2	-	2	-	0	-
45~	9	-	9	-	0	-
≥60	16	10.45 (-6.39~27.29)	16	10.45 (-6.39~27.29)	-	-
χ²值		-	-	-	-	-
P值		-	-	-	-	-

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表 6 样本人群二手烟暴露率(%)

Table 6. Secondhand smoke exposure rate (%)

人群特征	汉族		回族		合计
人群特征	调查人数	二手烟暴露率(95% CI)	调查人数	二手烟暴露率(95% CI)	调查人数	二手烟暴露率(95% CI)
年龄(岁)	1 842	60.43 (58.20~62.67)	756	41.77 (38.25~45.29)	2 598	54.44 (52.53~56.36)
18~	631	66.82 (63.14~70.50)	323	45.86 (40.39~51.32)	954	59.15(56.02~62.27)
45~	694	60.64 (57.00~64.29)	259	35.56 (29.69~41.43)	953	54.30(51.13~57.46)
≥60	517	35.50 (31.36~39.64)	174	21.13 (15.00~27.25)	691	32.39(28.85~35.85)
χ²值		109.044		38.748		128.770
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
男性(岁)	429	66.33 (61.84~70.82)	296	42.84 (37.17~48.51)	725	56.42(52.80~60.04)
18~	124	76.31 (68.72~83.90)	100	46.52 (36.57~56.46)	224	62.48 (56.09~68.87)
45~	140	66.64 (58.73~74.54)	99	39.16 (29.37~48.94)	239	57.00 (50.68~63.32)
≥60	165	30.89 (23.76~38.01)	97	27.88 (18.79~36.96)	262	29.83 (24.25~35.40)
χ²值		44.708		17.949		53.585
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001
女性(岁)	1 413	58.33 (55.75~60.90)	460	41.03 (36.52~45.55)	1 873	53.56 (51.30~55.82)
18~	507	63.570(59.37~67.77)	223	45.45 (38.86~52.03)	730	57.71 (54.12~61.30)
45~	554	58.40 (54.28~62.51)	160	32.79 (25.44~40.15)	714	53.06 (49.39~56.73)
≥60	352	37.29 (32.22~42.37)	77	13.12 (5.41~20.83)	429	33.64 (29.15~38.12)
χ²值		69.395		21.291		75.338
P值		＜0.001		＜0.001		＜0.001

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