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摘要:
目的 了解北京市海淀区2005-2017年疟疾病例流行特征。 方法 利用北京市海淀区各级医疗机构的传染病上报系统，导出2005-2017年疟疾的流行病学资料，用描述性流行病学方法分析疟疾在时间、地区及人群的分布情况。 结果 北京市海淀区2005-2017年期间共报告疟疾发病111例，死亡病例1例，年平均发病率0.26/10万；在报告的恶性疟、间日疟、三日疟及未分型疟疾中，恶性疟最多（54.5%，60/111），无混合感染；发病高峰期集中在6-9月的夏秋季节（52.0%，58/111）；病例主要集中在20~59岁的青壮年（93.7%，104/111），且男性发病高于女性（χ2=52.9，P < 0.001）；发病以干部职员为主（33.3%，37/111）；海淀区26个街道和乡镇都有疟疾病例报道。国外输入性病例81例，占总病例的71.4%，其中74例（91.36%）感染来源于非洲。 结论 疟疾发病呈散发性，以输入性病例为主，应加强出入境对疟疾的监控，防止二代病例发生。 Abstract:Objective To understand the epidemiological character of malaria in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria was collected from the infectious disease reporting system of medical institutions at various levels in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017, and the epidemiological methods was used to analyze the distribution of malaria in population, time and region. Results From 2005 to 2017, 111 malaria cases were reported in Haidian District of Beijing, the annual average incidence rate was 0.26/100 000 and one death case was reported in 2014. Among the four reported types of falciparum malaria, vivax malaria, three-day malaria and untyped malaria, the most common falciparum malaria (54.5%, 60/111), no mixed infection; The peak incidence was concentrated in the summer and autumn of June-September (52.0%, 58/111); the cases were mainly occurred in young adults aged from 20 to 59(93.7%, 104/111), and the incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ2=52.9, P < 0.001); Cadres were the main ward population (33.3%, 33/111). Malaria cases were reported in 26 streets and towns in Haidian District. 81 cases were imported from abroad, accounting for 71.4% of the total cases, of which 74 (91.36%) were originated from Africa. Conclusions In the past 13 years, the incidence of malaria was sporadic, mainly in imported cases. The monitoring of malaria should be strengthened by entry and exit to prevent the second-generation cases of malaria. -
Key words:
- Malaria /
- Epidemic characteristics /
- Imported malaria
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图 1 2005-2017年疟疾发病时间分布
Figure 1. Distribution of malaria incidence time from 2005 to 2017
表 1 2005-2017年北京市海淀区疟疾疫情报告概况
Table 1. Overview of the malaria epidemic report in Haidian District of Beijing from 2005 to 2017
年份(年) 报告例数(例) 虫种分类 病例来源 诊断分类 恶性疟 三日疟 间日疟 未分型 本地疟疾 境外输入 境内输入 实验室诊断 临床诊断 2005 3 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 1 2 2006 9 6 0 2 1 6 3 0 7 2 2007 7 2 0 2 3 1 3 3 5 2 2008 11 2 0 1 8 0 10 1 6 5 2009 9 2 0 2 5 6 2 1 5 4 2010 13 2 0 2 9 7 6 0 8 5 2011 8 2 0 1 5 2 6 0 3 5 2012 10 9 0 1 0 0 10 0 10 0 2013 6 5 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 6 2014 14 12 0 2 0 0 14 0 0 14 2015 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 2016 8 6 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 8 2017 4 2 0 1 1 0 4 0 0 4 合计 111 60 1 18 32 25 81 5 45 66 
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表 2 2005-2017年海淀区境外输入性疟疾病例的感染来源
Table 2. Source of infection in imported malaria cases in Haidian District from 2005 to 2017
感染来源地 病例(例) 恶性疟 间日疟 三日疟 未分型 合计 非洲 尼日利亚 4 3 0 3 10 坦桑尼亚 5 0 0 2 7 安哥拉 3 1 0 2 6 不详 6 0 0 2 8 喀麦隆 5 0 0 1 6 南苏丹 5 1 0 0 6 刚果 3 0 0 1 4 刚果金 2 0 1 1 4 加纳 2 1 0 0 3 塞拉利昂 2 0 0 1 3 几内亚 1 0 0 0 1 肯尼亚 1 0 0 1 2 西非贝宁 2 0 0 0 2 尼日尔 1 0 0 0 1 赞比亚 0 0 0 1 1 埃塞俄比亚 0 0 0 1 1 加蓬 1 0 0 0 1 科特迪瓦 1 0 0 0 1 莫桑比克 1 0 0 0 1 利比里亚 1 0 0 0 1 苏丹 1 0 0 0 1 乌干达 2 0 0 0 2 乍得 1 0 0 0 1 赤道几内亚 0 1 0 0 1 亚洲 印尼苏门答腊岛 1 0 0 0 1 缅甸 0 0 0 1 1 巴基斯坦 1 1 0 2 4 大洋洲 0 0 0 1 1 合计 52 8 1 20 81
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表 3 2005-2017年海淀区疟疾街道分布
Table 3. Distribution of malaria streetsin Haidian District from 2005 to 2017
街道 病例数(例) 构成比(%) 街道 病例数(例) 构成比(%) 万寿路街道 11 9.9 西三旗街道 4 3.6 羊坊店街道 9 8.1 曙光街道 4 3.6 学院路街道 8 7.2 清华园街道 4 3.6 中关村街道 7 6.3 清河街道 2 1.8 紫竹院街道 6 5.4 海淀街道 3 2.7 马连洼街道 6 5.4 北下关街道 2 1.8 北太平庄街道 6 5.4 八里庄街道 2 1.8 田村路街道 5 4.5 香山街道 1 0.9 上地街道 5 4.5 西北旺镇 2 1.8 青龙桥街道 5 4.5 东升镇 1 0.9 花园路街道 5 4.5 苏家坨镇 1 0.9 甘家口街道 5 4.5 四季青镇 1 0.9 永定路街道 1 0.9 不详乡镇 5 4.5
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表 4 2005-2017年北京海淀区疟疾病例的年龄分布
Table 4. Age distribution of malaria cases in Haidian District from 2005 to 2017
年龄(岁) 病例数(例) 构成比(%) 0~ 1 0.9 10~ 2 1.8 20~ 28 25.2 30~ 25 22.5 40~ 31 27.9 50~ 20 18.0 60~ 4 3.6 合计 111 100
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