中国九年级学生身体发育状况及其相关因素

胥梅玫; 赵莉; 王卫东; 余飞; 陆冬云; 高利旺; 王友发

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.007

中国九年级学生身体发育状况及其相关因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.007

1.
610041 成都, 四川大学华西公共卫生学院, 四川大学华西第四医院
2.
100872 北京, 中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心
3.
710061 西安, 西安交通大学全球健康研究院, 西安交通大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

中国教育追踪调查 CEPS

项目四川子项目 2018002scuzl

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵莉. E-mail: zhaoli@scu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R179
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- PDF下载量: 45
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-14
- 修回日期: 2019-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2019-09-10

The physical development and associated factors of ninth grade students in China

1.
West China School of Public health and West China Fourth Holpital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
China Survey and Data Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
3.
Global Health Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China

Funds:

Sichuan subproject of China education panel survey CEPS

Sichuan subproject of China education panel survey 2018002scuzl

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Li. E-mail: zhaoli@scu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的分析九年级学生身体发育状况及其相关因素，为制定青春期学生体质健康促进方案提供参考依据。方法使用多元线性回归和二元Logistic回归分析方法对2016年中国教育追踪调查中7 840名九年级学生相关数据进行比较分析。结果学生身高、体重在城乡、性别上分布存在差异。在14~16岁男生均高于女生（身高cm：171.69±6.95 vs 161.54±5.58，体重kg：60.43±13.19 vs 53.21±11.69），城市均高于农村（身高cm：167.93±8.16 vs 165.80±7.94；体重kg：58.18±13.16 vs 55.94±12.78）。男生体能水平达标率低于女生（51.8%vs 87.8%），城市男生低于农村男生（45.7%vs 58.9%），城市女生高于农村女生（92.0%vs 84.6%）。男生首次遗精平均年龄13.62±1.23岁，女生月经初潮平均年龄12.87±1.07岁，城市男女生性发育均比农村早。多元线性回归显示身高和体重均与独生子女、睡眠时间相关；身高与父母身高、民族、家庭经济、锻炼时间等相关，体重还与父母体重相关（均有P < 0.05）。二元Logistic回归显示，体能水平与性别、民族、营养、体重、高热量饮食、锻炼时间相关（均有P < 0.05）。男生首次遗精与民族、城乡、是否独生、睡眠时间、体能水平相关；女生月经初潮与锻炼时间、午饭方式、营养相关（均有P < 0.05）。结论中国九年级学生身体发育状况整体良好，但男生体能水平亟待提升，因身体发育状况受多种因素影响，所以需要多部门合作采取针对性措施，促进学生健康生长发育。
- 青少年 /
- 身体发育 /
- 相关因素 /
- 青春期
Abstract: Objective To analyse the status and related factors of physical development of ninth grade students in China, so as to provide reference and scientific basis for the development of adolescent' physical health promotion programs. Methods Multiple linear regression and binomial Logistic regression models were used to analyse the data from 7 840 ninth grade students in the 2016 China Education Panel Survey. Results There were differences in the distribution of height and weight between urban and rural and between boys and girls.From the age of 14 to 16, boys were taller and heavier than girls(height cm: 171.69±6.95 vs 161.54±5.58, weight kg: 60.43±13.19 vs 53.21±11.69), and urban students were taller and heavier than rural students(height cm: 167.93±8.16 vs 165.80±7.94;weight kg: 58.18±13.16 vs 55.94±12.78). The rate of physical fitness of boys was lower than that of girls(51.8% vs 87.8%), and that of urban boys was lower than that of rural boys(45.7% vs 58.9%), and that of urban girls was higher than that of rural girls(92.0% vs 84.6%). The average age of first spermatorrhea was 13.62±1.23 years for boys and 12.87±1.07 years for girls. Sexual development of urban students appeared earlier than rural students. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that height and weight were related to bring single-child and sleep time. Height was also related to parents'height, nationality, family economic level and exercise time, weight was also related to parents' weight (all P < 0.05). Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that physical fitness level was related to gender, nationality, nutritional status, weight, high calorie intake, exercise time, etc (all P < 0.05). Correlative factors of male first spermatorrhea were nationality, urban residence, singleton, sleep time, physical fitness level, while female menarche was related to exercise time, lunch spot and nutritional status (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive efforts and cooperation are needed to promote the normal development and physical health of the students.
- Adolescent /
- Physical development /
- Related factors /
- Puberty

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表 1 变量赋值表

Table 1. Assignment table

因素	赋值
性别	男=1，女=2
民族	汉=1，少数民族=2
城乡	城市=1，乡村=2
独生子女	否=1，是=2
父亲/母亲教育水平	没受过任何教育=1，小学=2，初中=3，职业高中=4，中专技校=5，普通高中=6，大学专科=7，大学本科=8，研究生及以上=9
家庭经济水平	非常困难=1，比较困难=2，中等=3，比较富裕=4，很富裕=5

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表 2 中国九年级学生身高相关因素多元线性回归分析

Table 2. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the related factors of height of ninth grade students in China

因素	非标准化系数β	标准化系数β	t值	P值
性别	-10.06	-0.62	-71.12	< 0.001
母亲文化水平	0.43	0.11	10.00	< 0.001
独生子女	1.03	0.06	6.37	< 0.001
母亲身高	0.01	0.04	4.36	< 0.001
家庭经济	0.64	0.04	4.89	< 0.001
民族	-1.27	-0.05	-5.13	< 0.001
城乡	-0.78	-0.05	-4.62	< 0.001
锻炼时间	0.56	0.04	4.69	< 0.001
父亲身高	0.01	0.04	3.81	< 0.001
睡眠时间	-0.26	-0.03	-3.62	< 0.001

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表 3 中国九年级学生体重相关因素多元线性回归分析

Table 3. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the related factors of weight of ninth grade students in China

因素	非标准化系数β	标准化系数β	t值	P值
性别	-6.79	-0.26	-24.51	< 0.001
父亲体重	0.19	0.15	13.65	< 0.001
母亲体重	0.23	0.16	14.17	< 0.001
独生子女	1.37	0.05	4.44	< 0.001
城乡	-1.23	-0.05	-3.95	< 0.001
睡眠时间	-0.31	-0.02	-2.21	0.027

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表 4 中国九年级学生体能水平相关因素Logistic回归分析

Table 4. Logistic regression analysis of related factors on physical fitness level of ninth grade students in China

因素	β	P值	OR(95% CI)值
性别(vs男)
女	1.80	< 0.001	6.02(5.31~6.82)
民族(vs汉族)1.51(1.37~1.67)
少数民族	0.37	< 0.001	1.44(1.18~1.76)
体重	-0.01	< 0.001	0.99(0.98~0.99)
锻炼时间	0.41	< 0.001	1.51(1.37~1.67)
父亲文化水平(vs初中及以下)
高中/中专	0.03	0.693	1.03(0.90~1.18)
大专及以上	-0.21	0.005	0.81(0.70~0.94)
午饭(vs食堂)
家	-0.35	< 0.001	0.71(0.62~0.80)
校外	-0.16	0.126	0.85(0.69~1.05)
高能量饮食(vs很少)
有时	-0.24	< 0.001	0.78(0.70~0.88)
经常	-0.34	< 0.001	0.72(0.60~0.85)
营养状况(vs营养不良及超重肥胖)
正常	0.64	< 0.001	1.89(1.63~2.19)

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表 5 中国九年级男生首次遗精相关因素Logistic回归分析

Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of the factors related to the first spermatorrhea of Chinese ninth grade boys

因素	β	P值	OR(95% CI)值
民族(vs汉族)
少数民族	0.38	0.008	1.46(1.10~1.92)
城乡(vs城市)
农村	0.17	0.039	1.19(1.01~1.38)
是否为独生子女(vs不是)
是	-0.26	0.001	0.77(0.66~0.90)
身高	0.02	< 0.001	1.02(1.01~1.03)
年龄	0.12	0.001	1.13(1.05~1.21)
睡眠时间	-0.12	0.001	0.89(0.83~0.95)
体能水平(vs不达标)
达标	0.27	< 0.001	1.31(1.13~1.51)
午饭(vs食堂)
家	-0.33	< 0.001	0.72(0.62~0.84)
校外	-0.06	0.685	0.95(0.73~1.24)
含糖饮料(vs很少)
有时	-0.02	0.765	0.98(0.84~1.14)
经常	0.22	0.031	1.25(1.02~1.52)

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表 6 中国九年级女生月经初潮相关因素Logistic回归分析

Table 6. Logistic regression analysis of the factors related to the menarche of Chinese ninth grade girls

因素	β	P值	OR(95% CI)值
午饭(vs食堂)
家	-0.80	0.003	0.45(0.27~0.77)
校外	-0.18	0.735	0.83(0.29~2.39)
营养状况(vs营养不良及超重肥胖)
正常	0.80	0.003	2.23(1.31~3.78)
锻炼时间	-0.51	0.004	0.60(0.43~0.85)

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