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某医学院校学生健康素养现状及影响因素

侯娅婕,  韩旭,  刘扬,  蔡苏州,  王烨,  张艳芳

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文章导航 > 中华疾病控制杂志  > 2019 >  23(9): 1067-1071
侯娅婕, 韩旭, 刘扬, 蔡苏州, 王烨, 张艳芳. 某医学院校学生健康素养现状及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2019, 23(9): 1067-1071. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.010
引用本文: 侯娅婕, 韩旭, 刘扬, 蔡苏州, 王烨, 张艳芳. 某医学院校学生健康素养现状及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2019, 23(9): 1067-1071. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.010
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HOU Ya-jie, HAN Xu, LIU Yang, CAI Su-zhou, WANG Ye, ZHANG Yan-fang. Health literacy and associated factors among college students in a medical university[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2019, 23(9): 1067-1071. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.010
Citation: HOU Ya-jie, HAN Xu, LIU Yang, CAI Su-zhou, WANG Ye, ZHANG Yan-fang. Health literacy and associated factors among college students in a medical university[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2019, 23(9): 1067-1071. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.010
shu

某医学院校学生健康素养现状及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2019.09.010
  • 1.

    050000 石家庄, 河北医科大学基础医学院

  • 2.

    050000 石家庄, 河北医科大学附属第三医院药剂科

  • 3.

    050000 石家庄, 河北医科大学科技处

  • 4.

    050000 石家庄, 河北医科大学护理学院

  • 5.

    河北医科大学口腔医院

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    侯娅婕. E-mail: 276121506@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: R181

Health literacy and associated factors among college students in a medical university

  • 1.

    Department of Basic Medical School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

  • 2.

    Pharmacy Department of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

  • 3.

    Department of Science and Technology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

  • 4.

    Department of School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

  • 5.

    Department of Oral Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

More Information

    摘要
  • 摘要:   目的  了解某医学专业学生健康素养现状及其影响因素，为医学院校大学生健康教育提供参考。  方法  采取随机分层整群抽样的方法，在某医学专业院校3个年级的1 428名学生进行健康素养问卷调查。资料采用率或构成比进行描述，采用χ2检验进行组间比较，采用Logistic回归分析模型分析影响因素。  结果  该校大学生具备健康素养水平的比例为57.18%，具备健康知识、健康技能和健康行为的比例分别为58.68%，65.48%，30.88%。该校大学生健康素养女生高于男生，且不同年级、不同专业、父亲受教育程度及职业不同具备健康素养的差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为27.748、46.525、19.327、30.779，均有P < 0.01）。Logistic回归分析模型分析表明，女生健康素养高于男生（OR=1.521，95%CI：1.160~1.993，P=0.002）；不同专业学生健康素养水平由高到低依次为临床医学、护理学、药学以及其他专业；母亲文化程度高的的子女健康素养高于文化程度低的子女。  结论  该校学生健康素养整体水平相对较高，医学院校应重点培养医学生健康的生活方式，从而提高大学生整体健康素养水平。
    Abstract:   Objective  To understand the current health literacy level of students in a medical university and its influencing factors, so as to provide references for health education of medical college students.  Methods  By means of random stratified cluster sampling, health literacy questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 428 students in three grades of a medical university. Ratio and constituent ratio were used to describe the resuls. Chi-square test was used fot comparison among groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.  Results  The percentage of sampled undergraduates in Hebei who had met the health literacy criteria was 57.18%.The percentages of students who had met the health literacy criteria on health concepts and the basic knowledge, and on healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and on the basic health skills were 58.68%, 30.88%, 65.48%, respectively. The health literacy of female college students was higher than that of males. There were statistically significant differences in health literacy among subjects of different grades, majors, fathers with education and fathers with different occupations (χ2=27.748, 46.525, 19.327, 30.779, all P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that girls' health literacy was higher than boys' (OR=1.521, 95% CI: 1.160-1.993). The health literacy level of students from different majors was in order of clinical medicine, nursing, pharmacy and other majors; The health literacy of the children with highly educated mothers was higher than that of the children with less educated mothers.  Conclusions  Overall level of health literacy of students in this school is higher than that of undergraduates nationwide. Medical colleges should focus on cultivating healthy lifestyles of medical students, so as to improve the overall health literacy of college students.
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  • 表  1  某医学院校不同人口统计学特征大学生健康素养水平比较[n(%)]

    Table  1.   Comparisons of health literacy among different demographic characteristics of college students in a medical university[n(%)]

    人口统计学指标 调查人数 统计值 总健康素养 健康知识理念 健康技能 健康行为
    性别
      男 388 176(45.36) 181(46.65) 207(53.35) 111(28.61)
      女 1 011 624(61.72) 640(63.30) 709(70.13) 321(31.75)
    χ2值 30.652 32.076 34.917 1.297
    P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.255
    年龄(岁)
      ≤18 191 116(60.73) 106(55.50) 133(69.63) 68(35.60)
      19~ 987 556(56.33) 578(58.56) 640(64.84) 306(31.00)
      ≥22 221 142(64.25) 142(64.25) 159(71.95) 72(32.58)
    χ2值 4.837 20.826 4.370 0.693
    P值 0.089 0.243 0.112 0.707
    年级
      大一 576 299(51.91) 305(52.95) 353(61.28) 173(30.03)
      大二 404 217(53.71) 229(56.68) 259(64.11) 106(26.24)
      大三 419 284(67.78) 287(68.50) 304(72.55) 153(36.52)
    χ2值 27.748 25.113 14.095 10.507
    专业 P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 0.005
      临床医学 360 204(56.67) 217(60.28) 227(63.06) 116(32.22)
      护理学 387 264(68.22) 278(71.83) 287(74.16) 141(36.43)
      药学 357 172(48.20) 160(44.82) 216(60.50) 91(25.50)
      其他专业 295 136(46.10) 152(51.53) 158(53.56) 65(22.03)
    χ2值 46.525 74.537 28.95 17.176
    P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.002
    父亲受教育程度
      小学/初中 774 362(46.77) 337(43.54) 427(55.17) 223(28.81)
      高中/中专 359 190(52.92) 201(55.99) 215(59.89) 121(33.70)
      大专/本科 248 149(60.08) 141(56.85) 162(65.32) 80(32.26)
      硕士及以上 18 11(61.11) 11(61.11) 12(66.67) 8(44.44)
    χ2值 19.327 25.118 7.517 10.336
    P值 0.002 < 0.001 0.185 0.066
    母亲受教育程度
      小学/初中 868 478(55.07) 477(54.95) 520(59.91) 258(29.72)
      高中/中专 339 193(56.93) 204(60.18) 211(62.24) 113(33.33)
      大专/本科 176 105(59.66) 98(55.68) 116(65.91) 55(31.25)
      硕士及以上 16 8(50.00) 10(62.50) 9(56.25) 6(37.50)
    χ2值 10.281 11.367 6.168 11.134
    P值 0.068 0.045 0.290 0.049
    父亲的职业
      公务员/事业单位 285 150(52.63) 151(52.98) 172(60.36) 88(30.88)
      教师/医务人员 155 89(57.41) 89(57.41) 97(62.58) 56(36.13)
      经商/企业人员 330 188(56.96) 196(59.39) 218(66.06) 96(29.09)
      农民 406 163(39.95) 165(40.44) 160(39.22) 143(35.05)
      其他 223 128(57.40) 127(56.95) 142(63.68) 69(30.94)
    χ2值 30.779 39.492 72.477 4.705
    P值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.696
    母亲的职业
      公务员/事业单位 183 96(52.46) 92(50.27) 109(59.56) 53(28.96)
      教师/医务人员 161 93(57.76) 96(59.63) 98(60.87) 52(32.30)
      经商/企业人员 269 160(59.48) 169(62.83) 185(68.77) 82(30.48)
      农民 498 295(59.24) 302(60.64) 344(69.08) 158(31.71)
      其他 288 156(54.17) 162(56.25) 180(62.50) 567(30.21)
    χ2值 9.649 23.792 14.172 2.800
    P值 0.209 0.001 0.048 0.903
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  某医学院校学生健康素养各维度相关条目回答情况[n(%)]

    Table  2.   Correct rates of college students for questions about three aspects of health literacy in a medical university[n(%)]

    健康素养 男 女 大一 大二 大三 总正确人数
    健康知识理念
      骨质疏松 37(2.65) 56(4.00) 25(1.79) 29(2.07) 39(2.79) 93(6.65)
      肝脏的描述 222(15.87) 425(30.38) 196(14.01) 213(15.23) 238(17.01) 647(46.25)
      国家基本公共卫生服务 292(20.87) 396(28.31) 198(14.15) 205(14.65) 285(20.38) 688(49.18)
      自测血压 357(25.52) 379(27.09) 236(16.87) 240(17.16) 260(18.58) 736(52.61)
    健康生活方式和行为
      就医方式 274(19.59) 283(20.22) 172(12.29) 185(13.22) 200(14.30) 557(39.81)
      运动对健康的好处 379(27.09) 427(30.52) 254(18.16) 265(18.94) 287(20.51) 806(57.61)
    健康技能
      免费卫生热线号码 287(20.51) 288(20.59) 187(13.37) 191(13.65) 197(14.08) 575(41.10)
      警示图 342(24.45) 359(25.66) 229(16.37) 234(16.73) 238(17.01) 701(50.11)
      农药的保管 362(25.88) 387(27.66) 245(17.51) 249(17.80) 255(18.23) 749(53.54)
      食品包装袋信息 382(27.31) 384(27.44) 242(17.29) 249(17.80) 275(19.66) 766(54.75)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  某医学院校大学生健康素养多因素非条件Logistic分析

    Table  3.   Multivariate Logistic analysis of health literacy of college students in a medical university

    自变量与常数 β Wald值 P值 OR(95% CI)值
    性别
      男 1.000
      女 0.419 9.210 0.002 1.521(1.160~1.993)
    年级
      大一 28.797 0.001 1.000
      大二 0.704 26.366 0.001 1.448(1.329~2.608)
      大三 0.857 19.221 0.001 1.469(1.335~3.658)
    专业
      其他专业 27.385 0.007 1.000
      临床医学 0.824 22.925 0.001 1.417(1.110~1.630)
      护理学 0.700 19.249 0.001 1.397(1.194~2.829)
      药学 0.623 7.328 0.001 1.197(1.353~2.662)
    母亲文化程度
      小学/初中 11.632 0.040 1.000
      高中/中专 1.254 3.537 0.030 1.285(0.077~1.054)
      大专/本科 0.596 0.987 0.020 1.511(1.170~2.786)
      硕士及以上 0.300 0.258 0.012 1.640(1.232~3.963)
    常数 -1.029 2.455 0.017
    下载: 导出CSV
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