Study on intention to quit smoking and influencing factors among current smokers aged 15 to 69 years in Gansu Province
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摘要:
目的 了解甘肃省现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿以及影响因素，为烟草防控工作提供科学依据。 方法 采用多阶段抽样方法，随机抽取15~69岁现在吸烟者作为调查对象。采用《全国居民吸烟情况调查问卷》开展面对面调查，分析不同特征现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿，采用Logistic回归分析模型分析现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的影响因素。 结果 甘肃省现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿为16.4%（95%CI：15.5%~17.3%），农村地区（OR=1.199，95%CI：1.022~1.408，P=0.026）、家中禁止吸烟（OR=1.767，95%CI：1.273~2.454，P=0.001）、12个月内就医时医务人员劝阻吸烟（OR=1.599，95%CI：1.359~1.842，P < 0.001）、去过戒烟门诊（OR=3.089，95%CI：2.031~4.698，P < 0.001）、初中、高中、大专及以上文化程度（OR=1.383，95%CI：1.101~1.736；OR=1.627，95%CI：1.252~2.116；OR=1.374，95%CI：1.009~1.873，均有P < 0.05）、高烟草危害知识得分为1~，3~，5~6（OR=1.248，95%CI：1.030~1.514；OR=1.574，95%CI：1.289~1.922；OR=2.288，95%CI：1.879~2.786，均有P < 0.05）是现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的促进因素；年龄20~、30~岁组以及烟龄20~、30~年是现在吸烟者戒烟意愿的阻碍因素。 结论 甘肃省现在吸烟者戒烟意愿总体不高，今后应进一步在全社会普及烟草危害知识，加强医务人员戒烟服务能力培训，在诊疗过程中开展戒烟服务，同时应鼓励和支持医疗机构加快戒烟门诊建设。 Abstract:Objective To understand the intention to quit smoking and its influencing factors among current smokers in Gansu Province, so as to provide scientific basis for tobacco control. Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to extract current smokers aged 15-69 years, and a face-to-face survey was conducted using the questionnaire on smoking among residents in China. Intention to quit smoking between current smokers with different characteristics was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors of intention to quit smoking. Results The intention of current smokers to quit smoking in Gansu Province was 16.4% (95% CI: 15.5%-17.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that current smokers who were in rural areas (OR=1.199, 95% CI: 1.022-1.408, P=0.026); family smoking prohibited (OR=1.767, 95% CI: 1.273-2.454, P=0.001), medical staff discouraged smoking within 12 months (OR=1.599, 95% CI: 1.359-1.842, P < 0.001), visited smoking clinics (OR=3.089, 95% CI: 2.031-4.698, P < 001), higher educational level of junior high school, senior high school and college or above (OR=1.383, 95% CI: 1.101-1.736; OR=1.627, 95% CI: 1.252-2.116; OR=1.374, 95% CI: 1.009-1.873, all P < 0.05), tobacco hazards knowledge with higher scores of 1-, 3- and 5-6 (OR=1.248, 95% CI: 1.030-1.514; OR=1.574, 95% CI: 1.289-1.922; OR=2.288, 95% CI: 1.879-2.786, all P < 0.05) were more likely to quit smoking; furthermore, smokers aged 20-, 30- years or smoking 20-, 30- years had a lower chance of quit smoking (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The intention of current smokers to quit smoking in Gansu province is generally not high. In the future, knowledge of tobacco hazards should be further promoted, medical staff should provide more smoking cessation services during the treatment process, and more smoking cessation clinics should be established. -
表 1 甘肃省不同特征15~69岁现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿[n(%)]
Table 1. The comparison of intention to quit smoking among current smokers aged 15 to 69 years with different characteristics in Gansu Province [n(%)]
变量 调查对象 具备戒烟意愿人数 χ2值 P值 地区 0.017 0.896 城市 1 677(26.2) 274(16.3) 农村 4 716(73.8) 777(16.5) 性别 0.000 0.995 男 6 186(96.8) 1 017(16.4) 女 207(3.2) 34(16.4) 民族 0.439 0.507 汉族 5 880(92.0) 972(16.5) 少数民族 513(8.0) 79(15.4) 年龄a(岁) 0.042 0.837 15~ 72(1.1) 8(11.1) 20~ 715(11.2) 114(15.9) 30~ 1 022(16.0) 165(16.1) 40~ 2 130(33.3) 373(17.5) 50~ 1 477(23.1) 232(15.7) ≥60 977(15.3) 159(16.3) 文化程度a 32.147 ＜0.001 不识字/识字很少 1 077(16.8) 135(12.5) 小学 1 893(29.6) 275(14.5) 初中 2 051(32.1) 361(17.6) 高中/职高/中专 854(13.4) 177(20.7) 大专及以上 518(8.1) 103(19.9) 职业 27.773 0.001 公务员 110(1.7) 25(22.7) 教师 64(1.0) 21(32.8) 医务人员 42(0.7) 12(28.6) 其他事业单位人员 184(2.9) 35(19.0) 学生 64(1.0) 8(12.5) 农民 4 792(75.0) 753(15.7) 工人 353(5.5) 72(20.4) 其他企业人员 220(3.4) 35(15.9) 其他 564(8.8) 90(16.0) 家庭平均月收入a(元) 10.906 0.001 ＜500 903(14.1) 132(14.6) 500~ 1 458(22.8) 225(15.4) 1 000~ 2 799(43.8) 446(15.9) 3 000~ 727(11.4) 152(20.9) ≥5 000 506(7.9) 96(19.0) 是否患慢性病 6.183 0.013 否 4 956(77.5) 784(15.8) 是 1 437(22.5) 267(18.6) 家中是否禁止吸烟 20.500 ＜0.001 否 6 185(96.7) 993(16.1) 是 208(3.3) 58(27.9) 12个月内就医时医务人员是否劝阻吸烟 60.135 ＜0.001 否 4 434(69.4) 623(14.1) 是 1 959(30.6) 428(21.8) 是否去过戒烟门诊 33.524 ＜0.001 否 6 292(98.4) 1 013(16.1) 是 101(1.6) 38(37.6) 是否拨打过戒烟电话 7.063 0.008 否 6 275(98.2) 1021(16.3) 是 118(1.8) 30(25.4) 烟草危害知识得分a 118.883 ＜0.001 ＜1 2 049(32.1) 233(11.4) 1~ 1 771(27.7) 259(14.6) 3~ 1 344(21.0) 246(18.3) 5~6 1 229(19.2) 313(25.5) 烟龄a(年) 7.098 0.008 ＜10 613(9.6) 126(20.6) 10~ 750(11.7) 155(20.7) 20~ 3 718(58.2) 538(14.5) ≥30 1 312(20.5) 232(17.7) 自评健康状况a 5.417 0.020 好 1 588(24.8) 254(16.0) 比较好 2 017(31.6) 295(14.6) 一般 2 249(35.2) 400(17.8) 比较差 407(6.4) 77(18.9) 很差 132(2.1) 25(18.9) 注：a表示趋势χ2。 
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表 2 甘肃省15~69岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素Logistic回归分析变量赋值表
Table 2. Variable assignment of the Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of intention to quit smoking among current smokers aged 15 to 69 years in Gansu Province
变量 赋值情况 具备戒烟意愿 具备=1，不具备=0 地区 农村=1，城市=0 年龄(岁) 15~=1，20~=2，30~=3，40~=4，50~=5，60~=6 文化程度 不识字/识字很少=1，小学=2，初中=3，高中/职高/中专=4，大专及以上=5 职业 公务员=1，教师=2，医务人员=3，其他事业单位人员=4，学生=5，，农民=6，工人=7，其他企业人员=8，其他=9 家庭平均月收入(元) < 500=1，500~=2，1 000~=3，3 000~=4，5 000~=5 是否患慢性病 是=1，否=0 家中是否禁止吸烟 是=1，否=0 12个月内就医时医务是否劝阻吸烟 是=1，否=0 是否去过戒烟门诊 是=1，否=0 是否拨打过戒烟电话 是=1，否=0 烟草危害知识得分 ＜1=1，1~=2，3~=3，5~6=4 烟龄 ＜10=1，10~=2，20~=3，30~=4 自评健康状况 好=1，比较好=2，一般=3，比较差=4，很差=5
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表 3 甘肃省15~69岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 3. The Logistic regression analysis on influencing factors of intention to quit smoking among current smokers aged 15 to 69 years in Gansu Province
变量 β值 sx值 Wald值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 地区 城市 1.000 农村 0.182 0.082 4.936 1.199(1.022~1.408) 0.026 年龄(岁) 15~ -0.678 0.403 2.832 0.507(0.230~1.118) 0.092 20~ -0.415 0.178 5.407 0.660(0.466~0.937) 0.020 30~ -0.317 0.155 4.155 0.728(0.537~0.988) 0.042 40~ 0.049 0.122 0.162 1.050(0.827~1.333) 0.687 50~ -0.101 0.118 0.739 0.904(0.718~1.138) 0.390 ≥60 1.000 文化程度 不识字/识字很少 1.000 小学 0.109 0.116 0.890 1.115(0.889~1.399) 0.345 初中 0.324 0.116 7.799 1.383(1.101~1.736) 0.005 高中/职高/中专 0.487 0.134 13.218 1.627(1.252~2.116) ＜0.001 大专及以上 0.318 0.158 4.059 1.374(1.009~1.873) 0.044 家中是否禁止吸烟 否 1.000 是 0.569 0.167 1.767(1.273~2.454) 0.001 12个月内就医时医务人员是否劝阻吸烟 否 1.000 是 0.470 0.072 42.364 1.599(1.389~1.842) ＜0.001 是否去过戒烟门诊 否 1.000 是 1.128 0.214 27.790 3.089(2.031~4.698) ＜0.001 烟草危害知识得分 ＜1 1.000 1~ 0.222 0.098 5.088 1.248(1.030~1.514) 0.024 3~ 0.454 0.102 19.850 1.574(1.289~1.922) ＜0.001 5~6 0.828 0.101 67.731 2.288(1.879~2.786) ＜0.001 烟龄(年) ＜10 1.000 10~ -0.162 0.158 1.059 0.850(0.624~1.158) 0.303 20~ -0.667 0.142 21.955 0.513(0.388~0.679) ＜0.001 ≥30 -0.468 0.170 7.570 0.626(0.449~0.874) 0.006
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